海拔对铁路隧道内瞬变压力及车厢内乘坐舒适性的影响  

Influence of altitude on transient pressure and ride comfort in railway tunnel

作　　者：黄娟[1] 何洪 杨伟超[1] 王昂 邓锷[1] 曹宏凯 HUANG Juan;HE Hong;YANG Weichao;WANG Ang;DENG E;CAO Hongkai(School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2022年第3期608-615,共8页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978670);国铁集团科技研发项目(K2019G041)。

摘　　要：利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,基于三维可压缩、黏性、非定常流场数值模拟方法,建立隧道-空气-列车三维数值仿真模型。针对高海拔地区隧道空气动力学效应,研究列车以300 km/h的速度运行通过不同海拔隧道时产生的隧道内瞬变压力及车体表面瞬变压力的变化特征,分析大气压和温度等因素对瞬变压力的影响规律,得到海拔高度与瞬变压力之间的拟合关系。在此基础上根据车内外瞬变压力计算公式,进一步研究不同海拔下车内外瞬变压力的变化规律,分析高速列车密封性能对高海拔地区乘客舒适性的影响,提出不同海拔下的列车密封性指数。研究结果表明:1)数值计算结果与现场实车试验结果峰值的最大误差为13%,说明数值模拟方法可靠;2)压力波在不同海拔下的传播特性不变,瞬变压力的时程曲线变化趋势一致,海拔仅改变瞬变压力峰值;3)隧道内瞬变压力和车体表面瞬变压力与海拔之间存在较大的关联性,瞬变压力峰值随着海拔的升高呈现出线性降低的趋势;4)不同海拔对列车密封性指数有不同的要求,0海拔地区要求车体密封性指数不得小于9 s,当海拔超过3 000 m时,列车的密封性指数应不得低于5 s。This paper established a tunnel-air-train three-dimensional numerical simulation model by using computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT, using the numerical simulation method of three-dimensional compressible, viscous, unsteady flow field. Aiming at the aerodynamic effects of tunnels at high altitudes, this paper studied the characteristics of the transient pressure in the tunnel and the transient pressure on the surface of the car body when the train is running at a speed of 300 km/h through tunnels at different altitudes, analyzed the influence of atmospheric pressure and temperature on transient pressure, got the fitting relationship between altitude and transient pressure. On this basis, according to the formula for calculating the transient pressure inside and outside the car, further studied the changes of transient pressure inside and outside the car at different altitudes, analyzed the impact of high-speed train sealing performance on passenger comfort in high-altitude areas, proposed the tightness index of trains at different altitudes. Conclusions are drawn as follows.(1) The maximum error between the numerical calculation result and the peak value of the field test result is 13%. The change trend of the time history curve of the transient pressure was consistent, which indicates that the numerical simulation method wis reliable.(2) The propagation characteristics of the pressure wave at different altitudes remains unchanged, and the altitude only changes the transient pressure peak.(3) There is a large correlation between the transient pressure in the tunnel and the transient pressure on the surface of the car body and the altitude, and the peak transient pressure decreases linearly with the increase in altitude.(4) Different altitudes has different requirements for the tightness index of the train. The tightness index of the car body in the 0 altitude area shall not be less than 9 s. When the altitude exceeds 3 000 m, the tightness index of the train shall not be less than 5 s.

关 键 词：高海拔 高速列车 隧道壁面压力 车体表面压力 乘客舒适性 

分 类 号：U25[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]