考虑退票情形的铁路多列车票额分配优化方法  

An optimization method for railway of multi-train seat allocation problem with cancellation and refund policy

作　　者：高一涵 杨婉钰 徐光明[1] GAO Yihan;YANG Wanyu;XU Guangming(School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Tianhe Street Offices of Huangpi District People’s Government,Wuhan 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]武汉市黄陂区人民政府天河街道办事处,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2022年第3期634-641,共8页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2020YFB1600400);国家自然科学基金资助项目(71701216,72171236);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2020JJ5783);中南大学研究生自主探索创新项目(1053320192457)。

摘　　要：票额分配是增加铁路企业收益和提高旅客服务水平的重要保障。在铁路售票过程中,旅客退票情况普遍存在,而票额又不能超额发售,这会造成列车上出现虚靡,并极大地影响着铁路收益以及旅客购票。为使票额分配更加符合实际情况,结合我国铁路现有售票策略和退票规则,提出一种考虑退票情形的铁路多列车票额分配优化方法。该方法考虑列车席位能力约束、售出票数的票额约束、退票情形下售出票数的需求约束。分别以铁路收益最大化、旅客服务人数最大化以及拒绝旅客次数最小化为目标,构建考虑退票情形的铁路多列车票额分配优化模型。算例分析表明,提出的模型能反映旅客退票情形对于票额分配的影响,验证了模型的有效性。当列车席位能力紧张时,3个目标对票额分配结果导向差异显著:收益最大化下票额分配会向票价高的区段倾斜,而另2个目标下则会拆分长区段票额以满足更多需求或减少拒绝次数。铁路企业在制定票额分配方案时,可以根据自身阶段发展需要选择增加收益或提高旅客服务水平。Ticket allocation is an important guarantee for improving the revenue of railway enterprises and the level of passenger services. In the process of ticketing, the refund situation is common while the tickets cannot be oversold, which greatly affects the railway revenue and passengers’ ticket purchases. In order to make ticket allocation more fit the actual situation, this paper integrated the railway ticketing strategy and the refund rules in China, proposed an optimization method for railway of multi-train ticket allocation with cancellation and refund policy. This method considered the constraints of the capacity of train seats, the constraints of the number of tickets sold, and the constraints of the demand for the number of tickets sold in the case with cancellation and refund policy, formulated a multi-target and multi-train ticket allocation model with the goal of maximizing railway revenue, maximizing the number of passenger services and minimizing the number of rejected passengers. The numerical example shows that the ticket allocation optimization model proposed in this paper can better reflect the situation of passenger refunds, verify the effectiveness of the model. When the capacity of train is tight, the three goals have significant differences in the orientation of ticket allocation results. Under the maximization of revenue, the ticket allocation will be inclined to the higher fare section, while the other two goals will split the longer section ticket to meet more demand or reduce the number of rejections. When formulating ticket allocation schemes, railway enterprises can choose to increase revenue or improve passenger service levels according to their own development needs.

关 键 词：铁路客运 票额分配 退票规则 多列车 

分 类 号：U293[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]