北欧国家北极战略评析  

A Review on the Arctic Strategies of the Nordic Countries

作　　者：岳鹏[1] Yue Peng(Research Center of the Economic and Politics of Transitional Countries,School of International Economics and International Relations,Liaoning University)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学国际经济政治学院,沈阳110136

出　　处：《区域与全球发展》2022年第2期5-22,153,154,共20页Area Studies and Global Development

基　　金：2020年度辽宁省教育厅“青年育苗”项目“‘冰上丝绸之路’背景下辽宁省参与东北亚经济合作研究”(项目编号:LQN202032);2020年度辽宁大学本科生教学改革一般项目(项目编号:JG2020YBXM123)的阶段性研究成果;韩国教育部及韩国学研究院韩国学促进服务机构联合支持的韩国学核心大学计划项目(项目编号:AKS-2018-OLU-2250002)的资助。

摘　　要：北欧五国(丹麦、芬兰、冰岛、挪威和瑞典)因地理和文化上的接近性,在北极战略的许多领域形成了高度共识。作为北极事务的重要参与者,北欧国家在北极的利益关切主要是维护国家和地区安全,确保“北极知识”的世界领先地位,挖掘北极经济潜力,突出北欧国家在北极治理中的作用。其北极战略的核心内容包括:建立一个强大而有效的北极理事会,确保北极地区安全与稳定,保护北极生态环境及资源可持续开发,加强北极科学人文探索研究,强化与域外国际行为体在北极问题上的合作等。目前,北欧国家的北极战略已经在推动北极事务国际化、加快北极地区秩序构建、提升北极经济开发的可持续性和促进北极地区社会民生发展等方面发挥影响。然而,北欧国家仍然面临诸多挑战,如:国家实力难以主导北极秩序构建,缺乏统一的北极战略,与俄罗斯和部分域外国家开发理念存在矛盾,新冠肺炎疫情对北极开发造成冲击等。Due to their geographical and cultural proximity, the five Nordic countries have developed a high level of consensus in many areas of their Arctic strategies. As key players in Arctic affairs, their interests in the Arctic are primarily concerned with maintaining national and regional security, ensuring a leading position in “Arctic knowledge,” tapping the Arctic’s economic potential, and highlighting the role of the Nordic countries in Arctic governance. The core elements of their Arctic strategy include establishing a strong and effective Arctic Council, ensuring security and stability in the Arctic, protecting the Arctic ecosystem and sustainable development, stepping up the research in sciences and human sciences on the Arctic, and enhancing cooperation with international actors on Arctic issues. The Arctic strategies of the Nordic countries have been influential in promoting the internationalization of Arctic affairs, shaping the Arctic order, achieving the sustainable economic development of the Arctic, and raising the living standards of the region. However, the countries still face four challenges: their national strength does not guarantee a leading role in shaping the Arctic order, the lack of a unified Arctic strategy, the contradiction with the development concepts of Russia and some extraterritorial countries, and the impact of the new crown epidemic on Arctic development. However, it still faces four challenges, including the difficulty of national power to lead the construction of the Arctic order, they do not have a unified and coordinated Arctic strategy, they have disagreements with Russia and other countries regarding the philosophy of Arctic development, and they must face the challenge of COVID-19.

关 键 词：北欧国家 北极战略 域外国际行为体 北极开发 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]