国际援助视域下的文化遗产外交:表象、实质与启示  

Cultural Heritage Diplomacy from the Perspective of International Aid: Representation, Essence and Inspiration

作　　者：徐莹[1] Xu Ying(Deputy Dean of the Department of Diplomacy,the School of International Studies,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院外交学系,北京100872

出　　处：《区域与全球发展》2022年第2期82-97,157,158,共18页Area Studies and Global Development

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“多重危机背景下欧盟的全球战略及其对大国外交的含义”(项目编号:20JJDGJW001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文化遗产外交是近年来西方学界新创设的一个学术话语,旨在描述围绕文化遗产保护而进行的国际交流合作及协同治理的外交行为。在学术层面,它是遗产人类学与外交学的交叉研究成果;在实践层面,因文化主流化在国际发展议程中的凸显,文化遗产外交与国际援助中的人道主义救援和发展援助开始紧密相交。多边文化遗产外交实践呈现出多元行为体依托政府间的国际组织协作助推国际援助,实现贯通文物保护、人道救援、社会发展、灾后重建等多个领域的跨国治理;双边文化遗产外交则因欧美主要国家雄厚的资金和技术实力被全面纳入其官方发展援助之中。尽管文化遗产外交的基本表象因其扶危救困和助力发展国际援助的特性而广受好评,但在其积极正面的外观之下也隐含着特定主权国家精细计算之后的多重外交考量。对在文化遗产外交领域刚刚起步的中国而言,携坦荡历史促多边文化遗产外交,以双边文化遗产外交推进“一带一路”建设,开启对文化遗产外交的总体战略设计和相关跨学科研究,应是中国文化遗产外交实践与学术探索的可行进路。Cultural heritage diplomacy(CHD) is a new academic concept created by Western scholars in recent years to describe the diplomatic behavior of international exchange and cooperation as well as cooperative governance around cultural heritage protection. Academically, it is an interdisciplinary study between heritage anthropology and diplomacy. At the practical level, CHD and international aid, which consists of humanitarian and development aids, have begun to interact closely as cultural mainstreaming has become prominent in the international development agenda. To be specific, the practice of multilateral CHD shows that multiple actors rely on the collaboration of intergovernmental organizations to promote international aid and achieve transnational governance in cultural heritage conservation, humanitarian relief, social development, and post-disaster reconstruction. Bilateral CHD is fully integrated into the official development assistance of major European countries and the US due to their financial and technological strengths. While CHD is largely appreciated for its international aid nature of helping people in distress and development, its positive image also underlies sophisticated diplomatic considerations of sovereign states. It is a feasible approach for China, which has only just started CHD, to explore the potential of multilateral CHD without a tainted history of colonizing others, promote the “Belt & Road Initiative” with bilateral CHD, and initiate the overall strategic design and related interdisciplinary studies on CHD.

关 键 词：文化遗产外交 文化主流化 国际援助 人道主义救援 发展援助 

分 类 号：D80[政治法律—政治学]