罗雅谷对测量理论问题的认识  

Le P.Jacques Rho’s Understanding of Measurement Theory

作　　者：徐倩 关增建[2] XU Qian;GUAN Zeng-jian(School of History and Culture of Science,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;School of Humanities,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学科学史与科学文化研究院,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学人文学院,上海200240

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2022年第2期90-97,共8页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国计量史”(15ZDB030)。

摘　　要：罗雅谷把测量的本质问题归结为推测之原,用专术和缀术两个概念代指直接测量和间接测量,强调间接测量所需要的数学工具是几何和代数。他的《测量全义》总结了几何要素线、面、体在测量中的关系,提出从测线到测面再到测体,由测直到测曲的简繁递进测量程序,明确了几何学对测量的重要性。他从对复杂量的测量中引申出三角形法和比例法两种基本的测算之术,将二者的结合使用视为测量纲要,并提炼出直曲转化和以心换面两个精确化测量的核心理念。罗雅谷对测量问题的系统认识为中国测量理论开辟了系统化和几何化发展的新方向。Le P.Jacques Rho attributed the essential problem of measurement to the origin of speculation,using the concepts of Zhuan Shu and Zhui Shu to refer to direct measurement and indirect measurement respectively,and emphasized that the mathematical tools required for indirect measurement are geometry and algebra.In Ce Liang Quan Yi,he summarized the relationship between geometrical elements of line,surface,and body in measurement,and proposed a progressive measurement procedure from measuring line to surface and then to body,from measuring straight to measuring curve,and clarified the importance of geometry to measurement.From the measurement of complex quantities,he derived two basic measurement techniques:triangle method and proportional method,regarded their combination as the outline of measurement,and formed two precise measurement concepts:straight-curve transformation and heart-to-face conversion.Jacques Rho’s systematic understanding of measurement problems opens up a new direction for the systematic and geometric development of Chinese measurement theory.

关 键 词：缀术 三角形法 比例法 直曲转化 以心换面 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]