辉格式历史解释的形成、特点及困境根源  

The Formation,Characteristics,and Causes of Dilemmas of the Whig Interpretation of History

作　　者：姜静 Jiang Jing

机构地区：[1]郑州大学历史学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《史学月刊》2022年第1期91-102,共12页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“当代英国剑桥学派史学思想研究”(15CSS002)。

摘　　要：19世纪中期以后,英国形成了以哈兰、麦考莱和屈维廉等人为代表的辉格派历史观念,认为当代社会是从过去某个时代直线进步到今天的结果,将历史分为进步的和反动的两个阵营,尤其赞扬宗教改革和"光荣革命",强调近代以来的辉格党、新教是当代英国政治自由与宗教宽容的动力渊源和主导力量。该历史观念长期在英国占据主流地位。20世纪30年代,巴特菲尔德将辉格派历史观念与特定的历史编纂方式相连,辉格式历史解释指向所有历史学家都可能身陷其中的心智习惯和历史写作的一般困境。巴特菲尔德、波考克和斯金纳等"剑桥学派"代表人物批判了辉格式历史解释的谬误,力求用语境主义方法实现对过去历史的客观准确的理解。Since the mid-19 th century,the Whig interpretation of history represented by H.Hallam,T.B.Macaulay and G.M.Trevelyan has taken shape in Britain.It believes that contemporary society is the result of linear progress from a certain era in the past to today.It divides history into progressive and reactionary camps.Notably,the Whig historians praise the Reformation and the“Glorious Revolution”,emphasize that the Whig Party and Protestantism in modern times are the driving and leading force of political freedom and religious tolerance in contemporary Britain.This idea of history has long occupied a mainstream position in Britain.In the 1930 s,Butterfield connected Whig’s view of history with a specific way of historiography,and the Whig interpretation of history pointed to the mental habits and general dilemmas of historical writing that all historians might be caught in.Representatives of the“Cambridge School”such as H.Butterfield,J.G.A.Pocock,and Quentin Skinner criticized the fallacies of the Whig interpretation of history,and tried to use contextual methods to achieve an objective and accurate understanding of past history.

关 键 词：辉格式历史解释 巴特菲尔德 剑桥学派 语境主义 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]