秩序的崩溃:鼠疫对现代早期法国社群结构的影响  

Breakdown of Order:The Impact of the Plague on the Communal Structure of Early Modern France

作　　者：江晟 Jiang Sheng

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院历史系,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《史学月刊》2022年第1期126-136,共11页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“近代早期世俗化背景下民族身份认同的构建研究”(21CSSD12)。

摘　　要：在现代早期法国社会转型与变迁过程中,鼠疫扮演着重要的角色。16—17世纪,鼠疫在法国境内频繁爆发,不仅导致各个地区市镇和村社社群人口的大量减少、逃逸甚至为数众多的社群的消亡,而且社群的既存秩序也面临着很大的挑战:鼠疫造成的影响从个体波及亲友的社会关系网、宗教社群乃至于地区性的市镇和村社社群,如同同心圆一般向外扩散,导致社群秩序的停摆和崩溃。面对这种严峻的挑战,诸多社群及其成员普遍采取排斥、迫害和驱逐边缘人群的措施,这在本质上是社群试图重构秩序的一种尝试。中世纪以降以宗教信仰为中心的社群秩序的崩溃,推动了现代以世俗政治为中心、以民族身份认同为特征的新社群结构的诞生。The plague played an important role in the transformation of early modern French society.Especially from the 16 th century to the 17 th century,the continual outbreaks of plagues had led to the significant decrease and escaping of community population in towns and villages of various regions,even to the extinction of many communities.Moreover,the established order of the communities faced a severe challenge as well.Spreading like concentric circles from individuals to the social network such as families and friends,to the religious groups,even to regional town and village communities,the impact of the plague had resulted in the shutoff and breakdown of the communal order.The rejecting,persecuting,and expelling of the marginal groups became a prevailing way adopted by many communities and their members facing these severe challenges.In essence,such behavior was an attempt of the communities to reconstruct the order.And the breakdown of the communal order focusing on religious faith since the Middle Ages had given an impetus to the emergence of a new communal structure centering on secular politics and characterized by national identity in modern times.

关 键 词：法国 现代早期 鼠疫 社群结构 社群秩序 

分 类 号：K565.3[历史地理—历史学]