从虎溪山汉简《计簿》看汉初县属啬夫的分化  

Viewing the Division of County Sefu in the Early Han Dynasty from the Han Bamboo Slips Jibu of Huxishan

作　　者：邹水杰[1] Zou Shuijie

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院、“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”协同攻关创新平台,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《史学月刊》2022年第4期5-14,共10页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“简牍所见秦汉边陲地区的郡县化研究”(20BZS027)。

摘　　要：虎溪山汉简《计簿》记载了汉文帝后元年之前某年沅陵侯国的总体情况,其中记载有六个乡和少内、库及唯等县属机构的吏员配备。张家山汉简《秩律》规定县属诸官为“有秩”的等级,而沅陵侯国下属诸官啬夫则全部为“斗食啬夫”,松柏汉简中也出现了标明级别的“西乡有秩啬夫”,说明汉文帝之时,县属啬夫分化成了“有秩啬夫”和“斗食啬夫”。这是汉代官秩体系的重大变化。此前的研究揭示了汉文帝对高级官吏的秩级作过调整,沅陵侯国《计簿》则显示低秩官吏同样也被改革了官秩,时间可以限定在汉文帝六年至后元年之间。汉文帝时期在保留有秩啬夫的同时,将小县诸官和小乡的啬夫降为斗食,符合从汉初开始县级秩等向下延伸的趋势,也使得县廷确立了对廷外诸官的政治强势。The general situation of Yuanling Principality in a certain year before 163 BC was recorded in the Han bamboo slips Jibu(the Accounting Book) of Huxishan, in which the government officials of six towns and two bureaus were also included.The Han bamboo slips Zhilv(the Rank Law) of Zhangjiashan stipulated that the county officials were divided into different ranks.The officials of Yuanling Principality were all Doushi Sefu.Likewise, it is found in the Han bamboo slips of Songbai that there were ranked Sefu in Xixiang.Therefore, during the reign of Emperor Wen of Han, county Sefu was divided into ranked Sefu and Doushi Sefu, which reflects the significant change in the bureaucratic rank system of the Han dynasty.The previous study reveals that Emperor Wen of Han made adjustments in the ranks of high officials.Jibu of Yuanling Principality also shows that there was bureaucratic reform concerning the junior officials between 174 BC and 163 BC.While retaining ranked Sefu, Emperor Wen of Han reduced Sefu of minor towns and bureaus to the lower rank of Doushi, which was in line with the downward trend of county official ranks, and established the county government’s political preponderance over its subordinate officials.

关 键 词：虎溪山汉简《计簿》 文帝后元年 斗食啬夫 沅陵侯国 官秩改革 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]