论美国内战前女性公共演说——以女性废奴社团为中心的考察  

On American Women’s Public Speech: Centering on Female Anti-slavery Societies

作　　者：鲁迪秋 Lu Diqiu

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学世界史系博士后流动站,上海200234

出　　处：《史学月刊》2022年第4期67-78,共12页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：随着19世纪30年代废奴运动在美国兴起,1833年10月,波士顿出现首个白人女性废奴社团。此后至内战前夕,美国出现大量类似的女性废奴社团。这些社团在为女性提供公共演说的机会和训练方面发挥关键作用。一方面,女性废奴社团支持、鼓励女性就废奴主题发表公共演说。格里姆克姐妹是女性废奴演说者的典范,她们的演说事业体现出女性运用公共演说来推动社会改革的过程与意义。另一方面,美国女性废奴社团三次召集全国性女性反奴隶制会议。这些会议让女性得以在家庭之外的公共场合就奴隶制问题发表见解,也进一步暴露出女性群体内部以及公众对待女性发表公共演说的不同态度。公共演说是一种历史悠久的表达方式,具有浓厚的政治性质和明显的性别界限。不同于女性在印刷文化中的活跃表现,女性发表公共演说遭遇更强劲的阻力。所以,女性废奴社团为女性提供了公共演说的重要平台与必要支持,促使女性成为推动废奴运动发展的积极力量,拓宽了女性公共参与的维度。As the abolition movement rose in America in the 1830 s, the first white female anti-slavery society was established in Boston in October 1833.Henceforth a large number of similar female anti-slavery societies sprang up in antebellum America.These female anti-slavery societies played an important role in providing American women with opportunities and trainings to speak in public.On the one hand, these societies supported and encouraged women to deliver public speech on abolition.The Grimké sisters were the excellent examples of female abolitionist speakers, whose career embodied how women used public speech to promote social reform.On the other hand, these societies held the Anti-slavery Convention of American Women three times.These national conventions allowed women to give expression to their opinions on slavery in public.At the same time, they exposed the divergence of attitudes towards women’s public speech among both women and the public.Public speech was a time-honored way of expression with deep political nature and obvious gender boundary.Women encountered more resistance in delivering public speech than taking part in the print culture.Therefore, through offering women a significant platform and necessary support for public speech, these female anti-slavery societies made women become an active force in the abolition movement, and profoundly promoted women’s public participation both in scope and degree.

关 键 词：公共演说 女性废奴社团 格里姆克姐妹 女性反奴隶制会议 废奴运动 

分 类 号：K712.42[历史地理—历史学]