美、英、德、日、中5国不同长期护理保险模式的比较研究  

Comparative study on different long-term care insurance models in five countries

作　　者：郭玉琳 何丽 谢慧玲[1] GUO Yu-lin;HE Li;XIE Hui-ling(Public Health School of Xinjiang Medical University,Urumchi Xinjiang 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《卫生软科学》2022年第4期22-26,共5页Soft Science of Health

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区社会科学基金项目-新疆长期护理保险制度可持续发展研究(21BGL113);新疆生产建设兵团医疗保险研究会项目(2017092503)。

摘　　要：[目的]分析国际不同长期护理保险制度模式的可持续性情况,为完善我国长期护理保险制度的建设提供参考建议。[方法]收集英国、德国、日本、美国及我国2014-2018年长期护理保险制度运行相关数据,利用等距模型和排序算法对长期护理保险制度可持续性进行评价及比较研究。[结果]5国60岁及以上老年人口数量占总人口比重均不断提高,以美国和中国增长速度较快;德国长护支出总额增长速度快,但美国支出总额位于4国之首;德、日、美、中4国每10万人护工数量及其占劳动适龄人口比重在5年间不断上升,英国却逐年下降,年均增长分别为-0.28%、-0.62%;长期护理保险制度可持续性评分以日本最优,美国次之,英国、德国和中国可持续性评分相对较低。[结论]人口老龄化程度、经济发展水平、长护险覆盖范围及筹资模式等皆是影响长护险制度可持续性的重要因素,建议我国完善社会保险模式,大力发展商业护理保险,建立多层次的长期护理保险体系。Objective Analyze the sustainability of international different long-term care insurance system models so as to provide reference and suggestions for improving the construction of long-term care insurance in China.Methods Relevant operation data of long-term care insurance system from 2014 to 2018 in UK,Germany,Japan,USA and China were collected,and the sustainability of long-term care insurance was evaluated and comparative studied with isometric model and ranking algorithm.Results The proportion of the population aged 60 and above in the total population of the five countries was increasing,with the growing faster in United States and China.The Germany’s total spending on long-term care grew fast,but the United States’ total spending was the first of the four countries.In Germany,Japan,China and the US,the number of nursing workers and their proportion in the working-age population kept rising in the past five years,while it decreased year by year in Britain,which annual growth rate was-0.28% and-0.62% respectively.Long-term care insurance system sustainability score was the best in Japan,followed by the United States,the sustainability score was low in the United Kingdom,Germany and China.Conclusions Aging degree of population,level of economic development,coverage of long-term care insurance and financing mode are all important factors affecting the sustainability of long-term care insurance system,it is suggested that China should improve social insurance model,develop commercial nursing insurance,and establish a multi-level long-term care insurance system.

关 键 词：长期护理保险 制度模式 可持续性 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R473.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]