长期免耕不同秸秆覆盖量对玉米产量及其稳定性的影响  

Effects of long-term no-tillage and stover mulching on maize yield and its stability

作　　者：徐欣 王笑影[3] 鲍雪莲[1,4] 王影 刘亚军 霍海南[1,4] 何红波 解宏图[1,4] XU Xin;WANG Xiao-ying;BAOXue-lian;WANG Ying;LIU Ya-jun;HUO Hai-nan;HE Hong-bo;XIE Hong-tu(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Atmospheric Environment,China Meteorological Administration,Shenyang 110166,China;AKey Lab of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110016,China;Lishu Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Lishu 136500,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,沈阳110166 [4]辽宁省现代保护性耕作与生态农业重点实验室,沈阳110016 [5]吉林省梨树县农业技术推广总站,吉林梨树136500

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2022年第3期671-676,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41977048)资助。

摘　　要：阐明长期免耕不同秸秆覆盖量下玉米产量变化趋势及其稳定性差异,可为建立和评价长期保护性耕作模式、促进粮食持续生产提供理论支撑。本研究基于我国东北黑土区长期保护性耕作定位试验(始于2007年),以传统垄作(RT)为对照,分析了免耕无秸秆覆盖(NT_(0))、免耕33%秸秆覆盖(NT_(33))、免耕67%秸秆覆盖(NT_(67))和免耕100%秸秆覆盖(NT_(100))下2013—2019年玉米产量的年际变化、变异系数和稳定性指数。结果表明:与传统垄作相比,长期免耕秸秆覆盖处理可提高玉米产量,其中,NT_(100)处理增幅最明显,为11.4%,其次为NT_(67)和NT_(0)处理,增幅分别为11.0%和10.4%,可见玉米产量并不随秸秆覆盖量的增加而线性增加;多年免耕不同秸秆覆盖量处理玉米产量的变异系数表现为NT_(67)<RT<NT_(100)<N_(T33)<NT_(0),产量可持续性指数表现为NT_(67)>NT_(0)>NT_(100)>RT>N_(T33),说明NT_(67)处理较传统垄作可明显减少玉米产量的年际波动,具有较好的产量可持续性;免耕秸秆覆盖明显提高了土壤全碳、全氮含量,且两者与玉米产量呈极显著正相关。综上,与传统垄作相比,免耕秸秆覆盖可以增加玉米产量,并能提升土壤碳、氮含量,适当的秸秆覆盖量(NT_(67)处理)具有提高玉米产量稳定性和可持续性的潜力。Clarifying the differences of maize yield and its stability under long-term no-tillage with different stover mulching amounts can provide theoretical and technical supports for establishing and evaluating long-term conservation tillage pattern and promoting grain production.Based on a long-term conservation tillage field experiment in the mollisol area of Northeast China since 2007,we analyzed the interannual variation,variation coefficient and stability of maize yield during 2013 and 2019 across five treatments,i.e.,no-tillage stover-free mulching(NT_(0)),no-tillage with 33%stover mulching(N_(T33)),no-tillage with 67%stover mulching(NT_(67))and no-tillage with 100%stover mulching(NT_(100)),with the traditional ridge cropping(RT)as the control.The results showed that compared with RT,long-term no-tillage with stover mulching treatments could increase maize yield.NT_(100) had the highest increasing rate of 11.4%,followed by NT_(67) and NT_(0),with the increasing rate of 11.0%and 10.4%,respectively.Maize yield exhibited a nonlinear relationship with the amount of stover mulch.The variation coefficient of maize yield under multi-year no-tillage with different stover mulching could be sorted as NT_(67)<RT<NT_(100)<N_(T33)<NT_(0),and the yield sustainability index was NT_(67)>NT_(0)>NT_(100)>RT>N_(T33),indicating that NT_(67) treatment could significantly reduce the interannual fluctuation of maize yield and had better sustainability of yield.No-tillage stover mulching significantly increased soil total carbon and total nitrogen contents,which were significantly positively correlated with maize yield.In conclusion,compared with traditional tillage,no-tillage stover mulching could increase maize yield and soil carbon and nitrogen contents.Appropriate stover mulching(NT_(67))had the potential to improve the stability and sustainability of maize yield.

关 键 词：免耕 秸秆覆盖 玉米产量 产量稳定性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]