不同水氮调控下夏玉米农田氮素运移及淋失特征分析  

Nitrogen Transport and Leaching Characteristics of Summer Maize Under Different Water and Nitrogen Treatments

作　　者：蔡晨阳 庞桂斌[1] 薛建文 丛鑫[1] 苏学伟 董文旭 王昕[4] 徐征和[1] CAI Chen-yang;PANG Gui-bing;XUE Jian-wen;CONG Xin;SU Xue-wei;DONG Wen-xu;WANG Xin;XU Zhen-he(University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China;Huantai County Water Conservancy Service Centre,Zibo 256401,Shandong Province,China;Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;Shandong Research Institute of Water Resources Science,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学,济南250022 [2]桓台县水利事业服务中心,山东淄博256401 [3]中科院遗传与发育生物学研究所,石家庄050022 [4]山东省水利科学研究院,济南250014

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第4期47-53,59,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800601);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020ME255)。

摘　　要：针对华北地区农业生产中存在的水氮配施不合理,导致氮素淋失的问题。以夏玉米为材料,在山东省灌溉试验中心站进行水氮配施小区测坑渗漏实验,设置灌溉和施氮两个因素,灌水包括两个水平:一水I1(67.5mm)和两水I2(121.5 mm),施氮包括两个水平:低氮N1(150 kg/hm^(2))和高氮N2(200 kg/hm^(2)),共4组处理,另设置空白对照处理(CK),每组处理设置3个重复,分析不同水氮处理下的农田土壤氮素分布和淋失特征及其迁移转化规律。结果表明:两种施氮水平下,I2处理均可以促进表层土壤(0~20 cm)氮素向下迁移,提高中层(20~60 cm)土壤的氮素累积量,其中硝态氮受灌水影响下渗作用明显;同时I2处理会增加累积渗漏量,高氮处理氮素淋失量较低氮处理增加8.44%,氮素淋失中无机氮占总氮的14.07%~20.75%,无机氮淋失主要以硝态氮为主,占83.11%~87.14%。与I2处理相比,I1处理土壤表层氮素含量高出75.88%~77.53%,中层土壤氮素含量低出44.38%~44.92%,在拔节期不灌水会导致氮素会较长时间滞留在表层土壤,不利于作物的吸收和利用。综合考虑土壤氮素淋溶及迁移转化特征,I2N1处理不仅可以提高中层(20~60 cm)土壤中氮素的运移与累积,同时也降低淋失液中的氮素含量,满足农业生产需求的同时起到保护环境、降低氮素淋失污染地下水的作用。The problem of nitrogen leaching due to unreasonable water and nitrogen application in agricultural production in northern China was addressed.The experiment for summer maize was carried out at the Irrigation Experiment Centre of Shandong Province.The objective of this study was to analyze the distribution and leaching characteristics of nitrogen and its transport and transformation patterns.Two irrigation levels and two nitrogen application levels were applied in the experiment.Two irrigation level were I1(67.5 mm)and I2(121.5 mm).Two nitrogen levels were N1(150 kg/hm^(2))and N2(200 kg/hm^(2)).A blank control treatment(CK)was set up and each group had three replicates.The results showed that the I2 treatment promoted the downward migration of nitrogen at the surface layer(0~20 cm)and increased the accumulation of nitrogen at the middle layer(20~60 cm).And nitrate leaching was obviously affected by irrigation.I2 treatment increased cumulative nitrate leakage.Nitrogen leakage increased by 8.44% under N2 treatment compared to N1 treatment,and inorganic nitrogen accounted for around 14.07%~20.75% of the total nitrogen.Nitrate was the major component,accounting for 83.11%~87.14% of the inorganic nitrogen.The nitrogen content in the top soil layer in the I1 treatment was 75.88%~77.53% higher than that in the I2 treatment While the nitrogen content in the middle layer was 44.38%~44.92% lower than that in the I2 treatment.Nitrogen can remain in the top layer for a long time without irrigation at the nodulation stage,which was not conducive to crop uptake and utilization.Above all,the I2N1treatment can not only increase nitrogen transport and accumulation in the middle layer(20~60 cm),but also reduce the nitrogen leakage This regime can meet the needs of agricultural production and reduce leachate pollution on groundwater quality.

关 键 词：夏玉米 水氮处理 氮素运移 氮素淋失量 

分 类 号：S157.41[农业科学—土壤学]