水肥一体化条件下设施甜瓜灌溉施肥制度试验研究  

Experimental Study on Irrigation and Fertilization Regime of Protected Melon Under Water and Fertilizer Integration

作　　者：黄卿宜 孙一迪 周明耀[1] 王恬 陈喜锋 HUANG Qing-yi;SUN Yi-di;ZHOU Ming-yao;WANG Tian;CHEN Xi-feng(College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu Province,China;Changshu Dongbang Water Conservancy Management Service Station,Changshu 215534,Jiangsu Province,China;Jiangsu Lvbo Biotechnology Co.,Ltd,Changshu 215534,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]常熟市董浜水利管理服务站,江苏常熟215534 [3]江苏绿博生物科技有限公司,江苏常熟215534

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第4期71-76,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：苏州市水利水务科技项目(2020008)。

摘　　要：为探求水肥一体化条件下甜瓜适宜的施肥灌溉制度,采用大棚盆栽试验,以常规撒施浇灌复合肥为对照,设置甜瓜全生育期不同灌水下限(W1:75%θ_(fc)、W2:65%θ_(fc)、W3:55%θ_(fc))、不同追肥水平(F1:1050 kg/hm^(2)、F2:735 kg/hm^(2))两因素,研究水肥一体化并施入厨余有机肥条件下对薄皮甜瓜生长、产量、水肥利用率及品质的影响。试验结果表明,增加施肥量对株高茎粗有显著提升,在伸蔓期之后,W2的茎粗显著大于W1和W3。施肥水平对点花和收果时间没有显著影响,但高灌水下限能够让作物提早进入成熟期,提高收果时的市场价值。灌水量和施肥量越大,果实形态各指标也随之增大。W1F1产量最高,相比W3F2提高了35.5%,与W2F1产量不显著;降低灌水下限,WUE(水分利用效率)逐渐上升、PFP(肥料偏生产力)逐渐下降。WUE最大值是W3F1,是CK的1.58倍,PFP最大的处理是W1F1,比最低的CK提升了28.4%。降低施肥量有利于甜瓜品质的积累。增大灌水量显著降低甜瓜的还原糖和可溶性固形物累积量;降低灌水量,VC和可溶性蛋白累积量呈先增大后降低的趋势。对品质进行综合评价排序,W2F2的品质最好,W2F1次之。常熟地区进行设施甜瓜种植,若只考虑市场价值可以采用W1F1方案作为灌溉施肥制度,综合考虑产量、品质和水肥利用率采用W2F1更为适宜。In order to explore the suitable fertilization and irrigation regime for melon under the condition of water and fertilizer integration in this study,a greenhouse pot experiment was carried out with different irrigation threshold levels(W1:75%θ_(fc),W2:65%θ_(fc),W3:55%θ_(fc))and different topdressing levels(F1:1050 kg/hm^(2),F2:735 kg/hm^(2)),by setting conventional spraying compound fertilizer coupled with flooded irrigation as the control,the melon growth,yield,water and fertilizer use efficiency,and quality were studied.The results showed that the plant height and stem diameter significantly increased with the increase of fertilizer application.After the vine extension stage,the plant stem diameter under W2 was significantly higher than that under W1 and W3.The fertilization level had no significant effect on the flowering and fruit harvest time,but the high irrigation threshold could make the crop enter the maturity stage early and improve the market value at harvest period.The fruit morphology index increased with the increase of irrigation and fertilization amount.The highest yield was found in W1F1which was 35.5% higher than that of W3F2 and not significantly different from that of W2F1.WUE gradually increased and PFP gradually decreased with the reducing of irrigation threshold.The maximum value of WUE was W3F1,which was 1.58 times that of CK,the maximum value of PFP was W1F1,which was 28.4% higher than that of the CK.Reducing the amount of fertilizer was beneficial to the accumulation of melon quality.The high irrigation amount significantly reduced the accumulation of reducing sugar and soluble solids,the accumulation of VC and soluble protein increased first and then decreased with the decrease of irrigation amount.The ranking result of the comprehensive quality evaluation was that W2F2 was the best and W2F1 was the second.For the planting of protected melon in Changshu area,W1F1 can be adopted when only market value is considered,and W2F1 is more appropriate when the yield,quality,water and fertiliz

关 键 词：水肥一体化 水分利用效率 肥料偏生产力 收果时间 厨余有机肥 品质 产量 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]