滑脱层在挤压构造变形中的作用--来自构造物理模拟实验的证据  

The Role of Detachment Layer in the Compressional Structural Deformation--Evidence from the Structure Physical Modeling Experiment

作　　者：万立鑫 金文正[1,2] WAN Li-xin;JIN Wen-zheng(School of Energy,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083;Key Laboratory of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon enrichment mechanism,Ministry of Education,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,北京100083 [2]海相储层演化与油气富集机理教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《四川地质学报》2022年第1期30-35,共6页Acta Geologica Sichuan

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号41572105、41002072);油气资源与探测国家重点实验室开放课题基金(基金编号:PRP/open-1307)联合资助。

摘　　要：为了研究滑脱层在挤压构造变形中的作用,通过物理模拟实验,观测了两种构造挤压方式(即单向挤压、双向挤压)作用下不同时期及不同部位地层的构造形成及其晚期演化特征。实验结果表明:①在滑脱层存在的地质条件下,地质体自下而上可以划分为三个构造变形单元,即“上构造层、滑脱层、下构造层”。②构造变形过程可以划分为3个时期,在变形初期,下构造层逐渐发育小规模的逆断层,上构造层发育断滑褶皱的雏形,在滑脱层中形成典型的顺层断层;构造变形中期,下构造层发育大量逆冲断层,断层倾角下陡上缓,上端逐渐尖灭于滑脱层之中,上构造层进一步形成断展褶皱;构造变形晚期,下构造层与上构造层的构造变形样式基本上不再变化,已经形成的多个构造样式发生继承性构造演化。③在构造变形中,滑脱层发生塑性流动,在不同地区会发生滑脱层增厚与减薄,并且在增厚与减薄部位,上构造层与下构造层分别具有不同的构造变形样式。In order to study the role of detachment layers in compressional structural deformation,the special structure physical modeling experiments are carried out in two different compression models(including unidirectional extrusion and dual-directional compression),revealing the structural styles and their evolution in several movement periods and different strata.The experimental results show that:(1)under the geological conditions of the detachment layers,a geological block can be divided into such three structural deformation units in descending order as upper structural layer,detachment layer and lower structural layer,(2)structural deformation can be divided into such as three stages:early stage characterized by a few small scale reverse faults in the lower layer,embryonic form of fault slip fold in the upper layer and several typical bedding faults in the detachment layer,middle stage characterized by more thrust faults in the lower layers and fault-propagation folds in the upper structural layer and late stage characterized by inheritance from the former structural styles,(3)during structural deformation,plastic flow occurs in the detachment layer,resulting in thickening and thinning in different areas,entirely different structural styles develop in the upper layers and the lower layers.

关 键 词：滑脱层 构造物理模拟 断层 断层相关褶皱 

分 类 号：P554[天文地球—构造地质学]