2A12-T4铝合金自冲摩擦铆焊接头力学行为研究  

Mechanical performance of friction self-piercing riveted joint for 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy

作　　者：杨炳鑫 马运五 山河 杨天豪 孙靖 李永兵[1] YANG Bingxin;MA Yunwu;SHAN He;YANG Tianhao;SUN Jing;LI Yongbing(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Shanghai Aerospace Equipment Manufacturer Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200245,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200240 [2]上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司,上海200245

出　　处：《航空学报》2022年第2期121-131,共11页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52025058,51805323);装备发展部领域基金(61409230511)。

摘　　要：针对干涉配合铆接中预制孔工序带来的连接效率等问题,采用自冲摩擦铆焊(F-SPR)工艺,通过半空心铆钉高速旋转产生摩擦热软化铝合金,在无预制孔条件下获得机械-固相复合连接接头。根据接头成形质量确定F-SPR工艺合适的转换深度,分析了典型接头的微观组织特征,研究了进给速度对接头宏观形貌、硬度分布及力学性能的影响规律。试验结果表明,转换深度为3.5 mm时可消除多余物、间隙、张开不足及裂纹等缺陷,实现铆钉与板材紧密连接;进给速度主要通过影响接头中母材硬度,进而影响接头拉剪及正拉力学行为。F-SPR工艺接头的拉剪强度约为2A12-T4铝合金母材抗拉强度的80%,相比于电磁铆接及自动压铆工艺具有较大优势。To solve the problem of low joining efficiency caused by the prefabricated hole process in interference fit riveting,the friction self-piercing riveting(F-SPR)process is adopted.By using the friction heat generated from high-speed rotation of the semi-hollow rivet for material softening,a mechanical-solid state hybrid joint is achieved without prefabricated holes.Firstly,an appropriate conversion depth of the F-SPR process is determined according to joint forming quality.Then,the microstructure characteristics of typical joints are analyzed,and the influence of feed rate on the macro morphology,hardness distribution as well as joint mechanical properties are studied.The results show that when the conversion depth is 3.5 mm,the defects such as burrs,gaps,insufficient flaring,and cracks can be effectively eliminated.After the F-SPR process,the rivet and the sheets achieved tight connection.The feed rate mainly affected the hardness of the base material in the joint,and then the tensile-shear and cross-tension strength of the joint.The tensile-shear strength of the F-SPR joint can reach about 80%of the tensile strength of the 2 A12-T4 aluminum alloy material,showing that the F-SPR joint has great advantages over the joints made by the electromagnetic riveting and the automatic pressure riveting processes.

关 键 词：自冲摩擦铆焊 机械-固相复合连接 2A12铝合金 力学性能 拉剪 十字拉伸 

分 类 号：V261.94[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]