量子存储式量子计算机与无噪声光子回波  

“Quantum memory”quantum computers and noiseless phton echoes

作　　者：周宗权[1] Zhou Zong-Quan(CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学,中国科学院量子信息重点实验室,合肥230026

出　　处：《物理学报》2022年第7期54-57,共4页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2017YFA0304100)资助的课题。

摘　　要：量子计算机一个重要的应用是攻破经典密码.以往的研究表明,攻破广泛使用的2048位RSA密码所需要的量子比特数目在2000万左右,远远超出了目前的技术水平.近期法国研究人员提出,如使用配备了多模式量子存储的量子计算机,则只需要1.3万个量子比特即可攻破2048位的RSA密码.这一研究把量子存储器的应用推广到量子计算领域,为研制实用化量子计算机提供了一条新的技术路线.量子存储式量子计算机需要微波段的量子存储器,这是目前亟待开发的新技术.基于对量子存储过程中原子辐射本质的分析,近期我们提出了无噪声光子回波方案,成功解决了光子回波的自发辐射噪声难题,有望进一步实现微波段量子存储并应用于量子存储式量子计算机中.One of the most important applications of quantum computing is to crack classical cryptosystem.Previous studies showed that the number of qubits required to crack the widely used 2048-bit RSA cipher is about 20 million,which is far beyond the current technology for quantum computing.Recently,é.Gouzien and N.Sangouard of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission proposed a quantum computing architecture based on a two-dimensional grid of superconducting qubits and a three-dimensional multimode quantum memory.They showed that only 13 k qubits are required to crack a 2048-bit RSA integer with the help of a long-lived quantum memory with 28 million spatial modes and 45 temporal modes.Their results clearly demonstrate the values of quantum memories in quantum computing and provide an alternative approach for building practically useful quantum computers.Quantum computers require quantum memories to work at microwave band,which remains an outstanding challenge.Based on a detailed analysis of atomic radiations during the quantum storage process,we recently proposed a noiseless-photon-echo protocol which can successfully eliminate the spontaneous emission noise in photon echoes.This protocol is expected to further enable microwave quantum storage and the construction of"quantum memory"quantum computers.

关 键 词：量子计算 量子存储 RSA 光子回波 

分 类 号：O413[理学—理论物理] TP38[理学—物理] TP333[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]