内蒙古大青山山前第四纪冲洪积扇填图实践与思考  

Geological mapping practice and exploration of Quaternary alluvial-pluvial fans along the Daqing Mountain,Inner Mongolia

作　　者：杨劲松[1,2,3] 姜高磊 赵华[1,2] 王成敏 赵红梅[1,2] 吉云平 张润[4] 韩书华 YANG Jinsong;JIANG Gaolei;ZHAO Hua;WANG Chengmin;ZHAO Hongmei;JI Yunping;ZHANG Run;HAN Shuhua(Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050061,Hebei,China;Key Laboratory of Quaternary Chronology and Hydro-Environmental Evolution,China Geological Survey,Shijiazhuang 050061,Hebei,China;Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100029,China;State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710061,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,河北石家庄050061 [2]中国地质调查局第四纪年代学与水文环境演变重点实验室,河北石家庄050061 [3]中国地震局地质研究所,北京100029 [4]中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《地质通报》2022年第2期262-270,共9页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目《特殊地质地貌区填图试点》(编号:121201106000160914);国家自然科学基金项目《黄河故道区(濮阳—大名段)全新世异常洪水沉积特征及年代学研究》(批准号:41807428);河北省自然科学基金《河北平原近现代洪水事件14 C核爆突跃定年研究》(批准号:D2020504008);中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目《全新世以来大陆泽湖泊生态环境演化机制研究》(编号:SK202115)。

摘　　要：第四纪地质调查和填图对解决当前人类生存发展面临的生态环境问题具有重要意义,但“填什么,如何填”等相关问题尚处于探索示范阶段。基于在内蒙古大青山山前地区开展的特殊地质地貌区填图工作,查明了大青山山前冲洪积扇的分布特征、期次及影响因素,总结了以冲洪积扇为代表的第四系覆盖区的调查与填图方法。首先,应针对地质地貌的特殊性,初步梳理区域内主要的第四纪地质与环境问题,选取针对性的沉积相模式进行沉积相划分;其次,综合前人资料成果和遥感解译结果编制设计地质图,依靠露头剖面、槽型钻揭露开展野外调查和验证,划分基本填图单元;然后,利用光释光、^(14)C等测年技术,确定填图单元时代,查明区内冲洪积扇发育的时间和期次;最后,选取“时代+成因+沉积相”结合不同岩性花纹的组合表达方式,增强工作区内典型剖面和钻孔的显示度,丰富图面内容和形式。The Quaternary geological survey is very important for solving ecological and environmental problems with social development.Therefore,“What to do”and“How to do”become the key issues for the geological workers during the Quaternary geological mapping.On the basis of the Quaternary geological survey results in the Daqing Mountain of Inner Mongolia,the distribution characteristics,stages and main factors of alluvial-pluvial fans were clarified,and the mapping method was reviewed to provide some references for the future Quaternary survey.According to the practice of Quaternary mapping in Daqing Mountain of Inner Mongolia,the following four steps are summarized.Firstly,according to the particularity of geology and geomorphology,the main Quaternary geological and environmental problems in the region should be preliminarily sorted out,and the main sedimentary facies model should be selected to divide sedimentary facies.Secondly,the designed geological map is to be compiled based on the results of previous data and remote sensing interpretation,while field investigation and verification are to be carried out by outcrops,trenchs and drill holes.Then,ages of the mapping units and the different alluvial-pluvial fans are further to be determined by luminescence dating and radiocarbon dating.Finally,the combination of‘age+genesis+sedimentary face’and different lithologic patterns could be used to enhance the display of stratigraphy and enrich the content and form of the map.

关 键 词：第四纪地质 冲洪积扇 覆盖区 填图方法 大青山 地质调查工程 

分 类 号：P534.63[天文地球—第四纪地质学]