电动汽车碰撞后电安全分析与研究  

Research on Post-Collision Electrical Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicles

作　　者：兰昊[1] 刘桂彬[1] 王青贵 Lan Hao;Liu Guibin;Wang Qinggui(China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300300;CATARC Automotive Test Center(Tianjin)Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300300)

机构地区：[1]中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司,天津300300 [2]中汽研汽车检验中心(天津)有限公司,天津300300

出　　处：《中国汽车》2022年第1期18-24,50,共8页China Auto

摘　　要：电动汽车碰撞后电安全一直是研究的热点领域,2015年,我国发布了GB/T 31498-2015《电动汽车碰撞后安全要求》并纳入工信部公告管理。随着技术进步以及对于电安全研究的深入,需要对原有的碰撞后电安全提出修订。本文提出了电动汽车后部碰撞增加的必要性,同时系统的分析了防触电高压防护(电压、电能、电阻以及物理防护)四种方案改进后的要求、原理以及测试方法。重点阐述了关于电压测量中起始时间、电能要求的限值、绝缘电阻防护要求的缺陷以及物理防护测试的困难等研究。这对于指导电动汽车产品设计以及完善相关标准、法规具有参考价值,同时该研究成果已应用在国家标准GB/T 31498—2021中。The electrical safety of electric vehicles after a collision has always been a hot area of research. In 2015, China issued GB/T31498-2015 Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicles after a Collision and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has adopted it for management. With the advancement of technology and the in-depth research on electrical safety, it is necessary to propose amendments to the original post-crash electrical safety. This article puts forward the necessity of adding rear collisions of electric vehicles,and systematically analyzes the improved requirements, principles and test methods of the four schemes of high-voltage protection against electric shock(voltage, electrical energy, resistance and physical protection). It focuses on the research on the starting time of voltage measurement, the limit value of energy requirement, the defects of insulation resistance protection requirement and the difficulty of physical protection test. This has reference value for guiding the design of electric vehicle products and improving relevant standards and regulations.At the same time, the research results have been applied in the national standard GB/T 31498-2021.

关 键 词：电动汽车 碰撞安全 高压防护 标准法规 

分 类 号：U46[机械工程—车辆工程]