解析法求解电磁炮发射过程轨道的产热量  

Calculation of heat production in rail during electromagnetic gun firing by analytical method

作　　者：农奥兵 马硕 杨帆 马洪亭[1] 马丹丹[1] NONG Aobing;MA Shuo;YANG Fan;MA Hongting;MA Dandan(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;Henan Fifth Research and Design Corporation of CNNC,Zhengzhou 450052,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300350 [2]河南中核五院研究设计有限公司,河南郑州450052

出　　处：《兵器材料科学与工程》2022年第2期17-25,共9页Ordnance Material Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51876137)。

摘　　要：为定量获得电磁炮发射过程轨道产生的轨道体电阻焦耳热、轨枢接触电阻焦耳热和轨枢间滑动摩擦热,分析时变特性,根据电磁学、力学、运动学及热力学等基本原理,建立电枢在电磁轨道上运动时的速度、加速度和位移方程,推导出各种热量和热流密度的计算公式,用解析法进行求解。结果表明:电枢运动速度、轨道体电阻焦耳热、接触电阻焦耳热和轨枢间滑动摩擦热流密度随时间变化趋势基本一致,受输入脉冲电流波形影响,在发射不同阶段呈不同的变化规律。发射后0.5 ms内,变化很小;0.5~1.5 ms期间快速增加;1.5 ms后增速变缓;2 ms后基本无变化。解析计算结果表明,在本文条件下,电流的趋肤深度为2.58 mm,与通过Comsol模拟软件得到的2~3 mm的电流扩散深度较接近;在3种轨道热量中,轨道体电阻产生的热量最多,为16 kJ;轨枢接触电阻焦耳热次之,为11 kJ;轨枢间滑动摩擦热占比最小,约为总热量的20%。研究结果对了解电磁轨道炮热量来源和热管理有一定指导作用。In order to quantitatively obtain the resistance Joule heat of the rail body,the contact resistance Joule heat between the rail and armature and the sliding friction heat generated in the launch process of the electromagnetic gun,and analyze the time-varying characteristics,the equations of velocity,acceleration and displacement of armature moving on electromagnetic rail were established,according to the basic principles of electromagnetism,mechanics,kinematics and thermodynamics. The calculation equations of various heat and heat flux were deduced,and solved by analytical method. The results show that the variation trends of armature velocity,rail body resistance Joule heat,contact resistance Joule heat and sliding friction heat flux density with time are basically the same,which are affected by the input pulse current waveform. There are different change rules in different launching stages. In the post-launch 0.5 ms,the change is very small,while it increases rapidly during the period from 0.5 ms to 1.5 ms,the growth rate slows down after 1.5 ms,and basically does not change after 2 ms. The analytical calculation results show that under the condition of this paper,the skin depth of the current is 2.58 mm,which is close to the current diffusion depth of 2-3 mm obtained by Comsol simulation software. Among three kinds of rail heat,the rail body resistance produces the most heat,which is 16 k J. The rail armature contact resistance Joule heat comes second,which is 11 k J,and the sliding friction heat between the rail and the armature accounts for the smallest,about 20% of the total heat. The research results have a certain guiding role for understanding the source of heat and thermal management of electromagnetic railgun.

关 键 词：电磁轨道炮 热量来源 焦耳热 滑动摩擦热 

分 类 号：TJ399[兵器科学与技术—火炮、自动武器与弹药工程]