中国老年人养老居住意愿选择现状及其影响因素分析  

Analysis on residence intention choice and its influencing factors among the elderly in China

作　　者：刘增法 刘洪敏[2] 谭小燕 吕明远 孙胤羚 LIU Zeng-fa;LIU Hong-min;TAN Xiao-yan;Lü Ming-yuan;SUN Yin-ling(Medical Management Service Center of Shandong Health Commission,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省卫生健康委员会医疗管理服务中心,山东济南250014 [2]菏泽市疾病预防控制中心,山东菏泽274000 [3]山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院)山东省职业卫生与职业病防治研究院,山东济南250000

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2022年第1期3-7,22,共6页Chinese Journal of Health Education

摘　　要：目的了解中国老年人养老居住意愿的选择现状及其影响因素,为制定养老政策和合理配置养老服务资源提供依据。方法运用2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)数据,分析60岁及以上老年人养老居住意愿选择现状,采用卡方检验和无序多分类Logistic回归模型进行养老居住意愿的影响因素分析。结果51.26%的老年人倾向于与子女住在一起,46.46%的老年人选择独居,2.28%的老年人倾向于居住在养老机构。个体基本特征(年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况)、家庭社会支持(子女数量、经济支持、照料支持、社区服务)和健康状况(ADL、IADL)是老年人养老居住意愿的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论目前中国老年人养老居住意愿以居家为主,政府需要考虑老年人在居家养老服务需求上的异质性,为其提供更加精细化和个性化的居家养老服务,发展多元养老模式,积极构建独居老人社会支持体系。Objective To understand the living intention of the elderly in China and its influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for the formulation of pension policies and rational allocation of pension service resources.Methods The 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)was used to analyze the status quo of elderly people aged 60 years or above in their choice of living mode,and the chi-square test and disordered multi-classification Logistic regression model were used to analyze the factors affecting their living intention.Results 51.26%of the elderly prefer to live with their children,46.46%of the elderly prefer to live alone,and 2.28%of the elderly prefer to live in nursing institutions.Individual basic characteristics(gender,educational level,marital status),family social support(number of children,economic support,care support,community services)and health status(ADL,IADL)had a significant impact on the residential intention of the elderly(P<0.05).Conclusion At present,the elderly in China prefer to live at home,so the government needs to consider the heterogeneity of the needs of the elderly for home-based care services,provide them with more refined and personalized home-based care services,develop a diversified pension model,and build a social support system for the elderly living alone.

关 键 词：老年人 居住意愿 影响因素 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] D669.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]