1961—2020年中国玉米需水量及水分盈亏的时空变化格局  

Temporal and spatial variation of maize water requirement and water surplus and deficit in China from 1961 to 2020

作　　者：商蒙非 赵炯超 韩桐 李硕[1] 王凯澄 高真真 秦雨酥 褚庆全[1] SHANG Mengfei;ZHAO Jiongchao;HAN Tong;LI Shuo;WANG Kaicheng;GAO Zhenzhen;QIN Yusu;CHU Qingquan(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2022年第4期22-30,共9页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：粮食丰产增效科技创新专项(2016YFD0300201)。

摘　　要：为明确不同区域玉米需水量的时空变化,根据联合国粮食与农业组织(FAO)推荐的彭曼公式和作物系数法,利用1961—2020年558个典型气象站点的标准气象数据对我国不同区域玉米的生育期作物需水量进行计算,并结合玉米生育期内的降水量进一步分析不同区域玉米的水分盈亏时空变化。结果表明,全国玉米生育期内需水量在区域间呈现明显的差异,多年平均在285~987mm/年,春玉米的需水量要高于夏玉米,二者的多年平均值分别为468和326mm/年。其中西北农牧区、北部中低高原农牧区和东北农林区为春玉米需水量的高值区,需水量分别为699、566和496mm/年。玉米的水分亏缺量在不同区域间也有明显的差异,各区域的水分亏缺量在3~638mm/年。西北农牧区春玉米的水分亏缺量最高,其均值高达638mm/年,其次为北部中低高原农牧区和东北农林区,水分亏缺量分别为324和145mm/年。从这60年的需水量和水分亏缺量变化趋势来看,不同区域呈现不同变化趋势,其中长江中下游平原农作区、华南农林渔区和西北农牧区的春玉米水分亏缺量呈下降趋势,北部中低高原农牧区、四川盆地农作区和西南中高原农林区呈增加趋势,夏玉米水分亏缺量呈下降趋势。此外,1961—2020年玉米全生育期需水量在年际间存在一定的变化。The aim of this study was to clarify the temporal and spatial changes of corn water demand in different regions.Base on the daily data of 558 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2020 in China,the Penman-Monteith formula recommended by FAO and the relevant crop coefficients were used to calculate maize water requirement and further analyses spatial-temporal variation of maize water surplus and deficit combining with precipitation during crop growing season.The results showed that:Maize water requirement exhibited obvious spatial variation and the average of 1961-2020 was 285-987 mm/year in China.The water requirement of spring maize was higher than that of summer maize,which were 468 and 326 mm/year,respectively.The high value regions of spring maize water requirement were located in the Northwest,North China and Northeast farming regions,and their water requirements were 699,566 and496 mm/year,respectively.Maize water surplus and deficit also exhibited obvious spatial variation and the average of different regions was between 3 and 638 mm/year in China.The spring maize water deficit of Northwest farming region was the highest than other regions,with an average of 638 mm/year from 1961 to 2020,followed by North China farming region 324 mm/year and Northeast farming region 145 mm/year,respectively.Based on crop water requirement and water deficit in the past 60 years,the trends were various among regions:The water deficit of spring maize showed a decreased trend in Yangtze Plain farming region,South China farming region and Northwest farming region;North China farming region,Sichuan Basin farming region and Southwest farming region showed an increased trend.The water deficit of summer maize exhibited a decreased trend.In addition,the water requirement of maize showed an obvious inter-annual variation.

关 键 词：玉米 需水量 有效降水量 水分盈亏 时空变化 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]