中国板栗36个叶片表型性状的多样性  

Diversity Analysis of 36 Leaf Phenotypic Traits of Chinese Chestnut

作　　者：郭燕[1] 张树航[1] 李颖[1] 张馨方[1] 王广鹏[1] GUO Yan;ZHANG ShuHang;LI Ying;ZHANG XinFang;WANG GuangPeng(Changli Institute of Pomology,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Changli 066600,Hebei)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所,河北昌黎066600

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第5期991-1009,共19页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：河北省财政专项(F20R06);河北省自然科学基金(C2020301053)。

摘　　要：【目的】揭示中国板栗(Castanea mollissima Bl.)叶片表型性状的变异规律及多样性特征,为中国板栗资源的保护、开发和科学利用提供依据。【方法】对中国10个省份(群体)240份资源的36个叶片表型性状(31个数量性状和5个质量性状)进行检测,运用方差分析、多重比较、相关分析和聚类分析等方法,探讨板栗叶片表型多样性水平及其与原产地的地理、环境因子关系。【结果】巢式方差分析表明,31个数量性状在群体内存在极显著差异(P<0.01),同时叶片长、叶片宽、叶片长/宽、锯齿高度等15个数量性状及3个质量性状(叶片形状、叶基形状和叶缘锯齿特征)在群体间存在显著或极显著差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),说明板栗叶片表型在群体内和群体间均存在丰富变异。群体间叶片表型分化系数VST为7.95%,远小于群体内的92.05%,说明叶片表型变异主要来源于群体内部。板栗叶片表型的平均变异系数(CV)和平均多样性指数(H′)分别为18.05%和1.27,5个质量性状中以叶片形状的CV和H′最高(35.67%,0.86),叶缘特征最低(5.60%,0.07);31个数量性状的CV在8.68%(叶片长/宽)-32.73%(锯齿深度),H′在1.54(叶背茸毛密度)-2.09(叶片结构疏松度)。叶片外观形态、生理指标和解剖性状的平均H′分别为2.03、2.04和2.04,CV由高到低分别为15.27%(外观形态)>15.18%(生理指标)>12.17%(解剖结构)。10个群体表型性状CV均值在17.11%(陕西)-19.66%(山东),H′均值在0.99(安徽)-1.80(河北)。板栗叶片大多表型性状与地理气候因子之间存在显著或极显著相关,其中年均气温等温度指标和年降水量与叶基形状、锯齿高度等性状呈负相关(经度和纬度与之呈正相关),与叶片长/宽呈正相关(经度和纬度与之呈负相关)。【结论】板栗叶片表型在群体间和群体内均存在丰富变异,但变异主要来源于群体内(个体基因型间的变异),因而以叶片表型性状作为研究对象,【Objective】The objective of this study was to reveal the variation patterns and diversity characteristics of leaf phenotypic traits of Chinese chestnut,so as to provide the scientific basis for the protection,development and utilization of Chinese chestnut resources.【Method】Thirty-six leaf phenotypic traits(including 31 quantitative traits and 5 quality traits)of 240 Chinese chestnut germplasms from 10 provinces(populations)were measured.Variance analysis,multi-comparison,correlation analysis,and cluster analysis were used to explore the phenotypic diversity of chestnut leaf and the correlation between leaf phenotypic traits and climate factors.【Result】There were extremely significant differences(P<0.01)in 31 leaf quantitative traits within the population,and there were significant or extremely significant differences in 15 quantitative traits(leaf length,leaf width,leaf length/width,sawtooth height,etc)and 3 quality traits(leaf shape,shape of leaf base,and leaf margin sawtooth direction)among populations,indicating the abundant variation among and within populations.The average of phenotypic differentiation coefficient among populations was 7.95%,which was much less than that within populations(92.05%),illustrating that the variation within populations was the main source of leaf phenotypic variation.The average variation coefficient(CV)and the Shannon-Wiener index(H′)of leaf phenotypic traits were 18.05%and 1.27,respectively.Among the five quality traits,the CV and H'of leaf shape were the highest(35.67%,0.86),the CV and H'of leaf margin character were the lowest(5.60%,0.07).The CV of 31 quantitative traits ranged from 8.68%(leaf length/width)to 32.73%(sawtooth depth),and the H′ranged from 1.54(fuzz density on the back of leaf)to 2.09(looseness of leaf tissue).The average H′of appearance,physiological and anatomical structure were 2.03,2.04 and 2.04,respectively,and the average CV from high to low was 15.27%(appearance)>15.18%(physiological)>12.17%(anatomical structure).The average CV of leaf

关 键 词：板栗 叶片表型性状 群体间 群体内 变异规律 表型多样性 

分 类 号：S664.2[农业科学—果树学]