渤海湾浮游桡足类群落特征  

Community characteristics of planktonic copepods in the Bohai Bay

作　　者：徐东会[1] 齐衍萍[1] 刘潇 潘玉龙[1] 杜小媛 王泰森[1] XU Dong-hui;QI Yan-ping;LIU Xiao;PAN Yu-long;DU Xiao-yuan;WANG Tai-sen(North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center,State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao 266033,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局北海环境监测中心,山东青岛266033

出　　处：《海洋科学》2022年第3期69-80,共12页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1407903)。

摘　　要：采用浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物网,分别于2017年春、夏、秋和冬季在渤海湾海域采集浮游动物,分析了桡足类群落的组成种类、生物多样性和丰度分布特征及环境因子与桡足类群落特征之间的关系。结果如下:调查海域共出现桡足类20种,其中秋季种类最多达到13种,春季和冬季分别为12种和9种,夏季最少为8种。渤海湾海域桡足类丰度的平均值在春季最高,达到了882.5 ind/m^(3)。夏季和秋季分别为84.0 ind/m^(3)和48.4 ind/m^(3)。冬季最低,为11.8 ind/m^(3)。桡足类在秋季时,其香农-威纳指数和物种玛格列夫指数的平均值达到了最高,夏季时桡足类的香农-威纳指数平均值达到了最低,桡足类在春季时,其物种玛格列夫指数的平均值达到了最低。通过分析环境因子与桡足类丰度间的相关性,结果显示:温度、盐度、溶解氧、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、硅酸盐、pH和浊度等环境因子会对渤海湾海域桡足类群落结构的季节变化产生显著影响。春季桡足类丰度的总体分布趋势与叶绿素a水平分布的趋势相似;夏季和冬季桡足类丰度的总体分布趋势与温度水平分布的趋势相似;秋季桡足类丰度的总体分布趋势与温度水平分布的趋势相反。This study analyzed the composition,abundance,and biodiversity of planktonic copepods based on samples collected in the Bohai Bay in 2017.According to the sampling date and environmental parameters,the abundance and its influencing factors were explored with multivariate analysis.A total of 20 species of planktonic copepods were identified in this survey.The numbers of pelagic copepod in spring,summer,autumn,and winter were 12,8,13,and 9,respectively.In spring,the average abundance,the Shannon–Wiener index(H′),and the Margalef′s index(D)were 882.5 ind/m^(3),1.25,and 1.41,respectively.In summer,the average abundance,H′,and D were 84.0ind/m^(3),1.02,and 2.08,respectively.In autumn,the average abundance,H′,and D were 48.4 ind/m;,1.58,and 2.94,respectively.In winter,the average abundance,H′,and D were 11.8 ind/m^(3),1.08,and 2.93,respectively.The abundance of planktonic copepods showed distinct heterogeneity in the Bohai Bay.There was a seasonal variation in the primary environmental factors that affected the distribution of planktonic copepods.In spring,they were temperature,dissolved oxygen,pH,and turbidity.In summer,they were water depth,phosphate,silicate,and turbidity.In autumn,they were salinity,phosphate,and turbidity.In winter,they were salinity,silicate,and turbidity.This research provided fundamental information on the long-term observation of planktonic copepods ecology in the Bohai Bay.In spring,the horizontal distribution trend of copepods abundance is similar to horizontal chlorophyll distribution.In summer and winter,the horizontal distribution trend of copepods abundance is similar to the horizontal temperature distribution.In autumn,the horizontal distribution trend of copepods abundance is contrasted to the horizontal temperature distribution.

关 键 词：渤海湾 桡足类 群落特征 环境参数 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]