黄土高原苹果叶片光合作用限制形式研究  

Limited Forms of Photosynthesis of Apple Leaves on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：王姝婷 李伟[1] 高冠龙[1,2,3,4] WANG Shuting;LI Wei;GAO Guanlong(School of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Shanxi University.Taiyuan 030006.China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation,Chang'an Universit,Xi'an 710064,China;Nortdwest Iusinte of Eco-Enwiroment and Resources,Chinese Aecldemy of Sciences,Lanzhou 70000 China;Shand Laboralory for Yllon River,Taywan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学环境与资源学院,山西太原030006 [2]长安大学陕西省土地整治重点实验室,陕西西安710064 [3]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃兰州70000 [4]山西省黄河实验室,山西太原030006

出　　处：《山西大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第1期207-216,共10页Journal of Shanxi University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2018M643769);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2020L0028);中央高校基本科研业务费(自然科学类)资助项目(300102279505)

摘　　要：自然条件下,农作物的生长和代谢极易遭受外界胁迫条件的影响,最直接的是对光合作用的影响。以黄土高原苹果树叶片为试验材料,分析了苹果树叶片在果实膨大期和威熟期的环境、生理因子日变化规律,探讨了光合作用的限制因子,以及主要生理因子对环境因子的响应。研究表明,在天气晴朗的条件下:(1)净光合速率(P_(n))日变化总体上呈先开高后降低的双峰型曲线,峰值差异较小。但出现的时间不同。不同观测日内均有明显的“光合午休”现象,且下午的值要小于上午。气孔导度(g)的日变化趋势与P。大体上相似,受饱和水汽压差(VPD)的影响而发生变化。胞间CO_(2)浓度(C)总体上呈先降低后升高的“V”型变化趋势,出现这种变化趋势除受g的影响和自身的消耗外,还受叶肉导度(g.)的影响。(2)上午及午间“光合午休”时段内,空气温度較低,温度较大,随着胁迫不断加重,苹果树叶片的P下降,C降低。g下降,气孔限制值(L,)升高。表明上午时段光合作用的降低主要是受气孔限制的影响:下午时段,温度持续升高,空气中水汽含量很少.水分胁迫加重,下降而C丹高,非气孔限制值(C/g)升高,表明下午阶段光合作用的降低主要受非气孔限制因素影响。Under natural conditions,the growth and metabolism of crops are easily affected by external stress conditions,among which photosynthesis is the most directly impact.The apple tree leaves on the Loess Plateau were used as experimental materials to analyze the diurnal variation of environmental and physiological factors in apple leaves during the fruit expansion and ripening,and the further discussed the limiting factors of photosynthesis and the response of main physiological factors to environmental factors.The results showed that in sunny days:(1) The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate (P;) showed a bimodal curve with an increase at first and then a decrease in general.Although the crest values are not very different,the occurrence time is different.There were obvious"photosynthetic midday break"phenomenon in different observation days,and the value in the afternoon was less than that in the morning.The diurnal variation of stomatal conductance (g;) was similar to that of P;,and it was changes with the variation of saturation vapor pressure (VPD).The concentrations of intercellular CO;(C;) showed a"V-shaped"variation curve of first decreasing and then increasing,and C;was influenced not only by g;and its own consumption,but also by mesophyll conductance(g;).(2) In the morning and noon"Photosynthetic midday break",the air temperature was lower and the humidity was higher.With the aggravation of stress,the P;,C;and g;of apple leaves decreased,and stomatal limiting value (L;) increased.The results showed that the decrease of photosynthesis in the morning was mainly affected by stomatal limitation.In the afternoon,the temperature continued to rise,and the moisture content in the air was very small.With the increase of water stress,g;decreased and C;increased,the non-stomatal limiting value (C;/g;) increased.The results showed that the decrease of photosynthesis in the afternoon was mainly affected by non-stomatal limitation.

关 键 词：光合作用 气孔限制 非气孔限制 黄土高原 苹果树 

分 类 号：Q945.11[生物学—植物学]