非对称仲裁条款在中国的效力认定  

Validity Analysis of Asymmetrical Arbitration Clauses in China

作　　者：覃曦菡 Qin Xihan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《北京仲裁》2021年第3期101-118,共18页Beijing Arbitration Quarterly

摘　　要：非对称仲裁条款仅仅允许一方当事人从诉讼或仲裁中选择其一作为争议解决方式,而另外一方只能服从安排。目前,中国尚未对此有专门规定,司法实践中的意见也并不一致。笔者在对其概念、类型、特征、性质以及背后的价值考量进行梳理之后,通过研究分析中国关于仲裁协议有效性的规定和司法判例,发现非对称仲裁条款是否有效的争议焦点在于我国关于“或裁或审”协议无效的立场是否会成为其效力认定的法律阻碍,以及非对称仲裁条款是否实质违反了我国的“或裁或审”制度。经分析,非对称仲裁条款并不等同于“或裁或审”协议。无论是受益方行使选择权前后还是放弃选择,理论上都不会出现又裁又审问题。最后,笔者结合中国的实际情况提出了相应建议。Asymmetrical arbitration clause includes options of litigation and arbitration at the same time,but only offers the right to choose to one party while the other party should obey.At present,there is no specific provision and no consensus has been reached in judicial practice.After studying the concept,classification,characteristics,nature and value consideration behind it,as well as exploring the relevant laws and regulations and judicial precedents in China,the focus of controversy can be concluded as whether the attitude towards“selecting arbitration or litigation”clause in China will affect the validity determination of asymmetrical arbitration clause and whether such special clause materially breaches the“arbitration or litigation”dispute resolution system.After detailed analysis,asymmetrical arbitration clause should be considered different from“selecting arbitration or litigation”clause.Besides,there are no issues of conflicting arbitration and litigation in theory before and after the beneficiary exercises its option,and in the case where the beneficiary waives its option.Finally,suggestions are given accordingly based on the actual situation in China.

关 键 词：非对称 仲裁条款效力 意思自治原则 平等原则 “或裁或审”制度 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]