追氮量对不同品质类型小麦产量及光合性能的影响  

Effects of Topdressing Nitrogen Rates on Yield and Photosynthetic Performance of Different Quality Types of Wheat

作　　者：马瑞琦 王德梅[1] 王艳杰[1] 杨玉双[1] 赵广才[1] 常旭虹[1] Ma Ruiqi;Wang Demei;Wang Yanjie;Yang Yushuang;Zhao Guangcai;Chang Xuhong(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;College of Agronomy,Shandong Agriculture University,Tai’an 271000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081 [2]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《作物杂志》2022年第2期134-142,共9页Crops

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-03);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAASZDRW202002)。

摘　　要：试验于2016-2017年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京试验基地进行,采用二因素随机区组设计,以追氮量为调控因素,研究追氮量对不同品质类型小麦产量及生理指标的影响,为不同类型小麦品种稳产高效提供理论参考。供试材料分别为来源于黄淮冬麦区的中筋小麦品种中麦8号和中麦175,以及来源于长江中下游冬麦区的弱筋小麦品种扬麦22和扬麦15。结果表明,增加追氮量对小麦旗叶叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量均有提高效应,且更利于叶绿素b的形成,追氮量为135kg/hm^(2)时效果最明显;各品种小麦旗叶净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶温均随着追氮量的增加而逐渐提高,且增长幅度也逐渐加大,以追氮量135kg/hm^(2)最高;旗叶胞间CO_(2)浓度则随着追氮量的增加逐渐降低。中筋小麦籽粒产量显著高于弱筋小麦,在追氮量75~135kg/hm^(2)时,各品种籽粒产量、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重及生物产量均随追氮量的增加而显著提高,以追氮量135kg/hm^(2)最高。综上可知,拔节期追施氮肥有利于提高中筋和弱筋小麦旗叶叶绿素含量,改善光合性能,促进对氮素的吸收与积累,提高产量。The experiment was carried out at the Beijing Experimental Base of the Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences during 2016-2017. A two-factor randomized block design was used to study the effects of topdressing nitrogen rates on the yield and physiological indicators of different gluten wheat.The tested materials were medium gluten varieties from the Huanghuai winter wheat area(Zhongmai 8 and Zhongmai 175);weak gluten varieties from the winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(Yangmai 22 and Yangmai 15). The results showed that increasing the rates of topdressing nitrogen had an increasing effect on the contents of chlorophyll a and b in the flag leaves and was more conducive to the formation of chlorophyll b. The effect was most obvious when the topdressing nitrogen rate was 135kg/ha. Under the experiment conditions, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf temperature of flag leaves of each wheat variety gradually increased with the increase of nitrogen topdressing rates and the growth rate also gradually increased with the highest nitrogen topping amount of 135kg/ha. The intercellular CO;concentration of the flag leaf gradually decreased with the increase of the rates of topdressing nitrogen and all varieties showed the same trend of change. The grain yields of medium-gluten wheat varieties was significantly higher than that of weak-gluten wheat varieties. In the topdressing nitrogen range of 75-135kg/ha, the grain yield,the number of spikes, grains number per spike, 1000-grain weight, and the biological yield of each variety increased significantly with the increase of topdressing nitrogen rates and it reached the highest at 135kg/ha. In summary,under the same ecological conditions in this experiment, applying nitrogen fertilizer at the jointing stage was beneficial to increase the chlorophyll content of flag leaves of middle-gluten and weak-gluten wheat, improved its photosynthetic performance, promoted the absorption

关 键 词：小麦 品质类型 产量 光合性能 追氮量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]