清代东林形象的塑造及其转变 --以《东林书院志》为中心的考察  

Shaping of Donglin Image in the Qing Dynasty and Its Transformation:Focus on The Annals of Donglin Academy

作　　者：刘艳伟[1] LIU Yan-wei(School of History and Culture,China West Normal University,Nanchong 637009,China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学历史文化学院,四川南充637009

出　　处：《西华师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第2期93-98,共6页Journal of China West Normal University:Philosophy & Social Sciences

基　　金：西华师范大学博士启动项目(19E013);西华师范大学国家级一般培育项目(20A041)。

摘　　要：清代记录东林书院历史的志书有两种,一为由严瑴编、高世泰续编于康熙年间刊刻之《东林书院志》,一为高廷珍等编雍正年间刊刻之《东林书院志》。两部志书中的东林士人形象,经历了由学术、事功、气节并著,到理学传人的转变。不同的情境之下,志书编纂者采取了不同的叙事模式。“严志”为驳斥东林祸国之说,塑造出东林士人“理学、事功、气节并著”的形象。“高志”编纂之时,处于紧张的文化氛围之中,其编纂者遂采用“道统”叙事模式书写东林历史。一方面,强大的政治压力,逼迫士人选择较为安全的叙述路径;另一方面,士人的自我规训,亦使得历史书写趋向官方的意识形态。东林形象的转变正是这两种合力作用的结果。During the Qing dynasty,there were two kinds of annals that recorded the history of Donglin Academy.One is The Annals of Donglin Academy compiled by Yan Jue and Gao Shitai,and published in the reign of Kangxi.The other is The Annals of Donglin Academy compiled by GaoTingzhen and others,and published in the reign of Yongzheng.The images of Donglin scholars appeared in these records underwent some changes.They transformed from being famous for their academic achievements and moral integrity to the descendants of Neo-Confucianism.Under different circumstances,the compilers of annals adopted different narrative modes.To refute the theory that Donglin scholars brought calamity to the country,Yan Jue created the image of Donglin scholars as“neo-confucianism,academic achievements and integrity”.When GaoTingzhen and other compiler compiled The Annals of Donglin Academy,they were in a tense cultural atmosphere,they adopted the narrative mode of“Confucian orthodoxy”to write the history of Donglin.On the one hand,the powerful political pressure forces scholars to choose a safer narrative mode.On the other hand,the self-discipline of scholars also make the historical writings tend to be in accordance with the official ideology.It is the two aspects that result in the image transformation of Donglin.

关 键 词：东林士人 《东林书院志》 历史书写 士人心态 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]