旋筒供料锤式饲草粉碎机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Rotary Feed Tube Hammer Grinder

作　　者：范国强[1,2] 王忠宇 王保兴 王金星 董和银[3,4] 韩见 FAN Guoqiang;WANG Zhongyu;WANG Baoxing;WANG Jinxing;DONG Heyin;HAN Jian(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China;Shandong Provincial Intelligent Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment,Taian 271018,China;Taian Yimeite Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Xintai 271215,China;Taian Animal Husbandry Intelligent Equipment Industry Technology Research Institute,Xintai 271215,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学机械与电子工程学院,泰安271018 [2]山东省农业装备智能化工程实验室,泰安271018 [3]泰安意美特机械有限公司,新泰271215 [4]泰安市畜牧智能装备产业技术研究院,新泰271215

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第12期43-53,76,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2018MEE026);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-27);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019NJ008)。

摘　　要：针对我国养殖业缺乏高效饲草粉碎机的问题,设计了一种旋筒供料锤式饲草粉碎机,建立了粉碎和旋转作业的理论模型,对锤片尺寸形状、回转半径、粉碎转速、抛送距离、输送能力、供料转速和粉碎长度等关键参数进行了设计与计算,采用EDEM对粉碎羊草的转速、锤片数量、动定刀间隙和出料口仰角等关键因素进行了仿真分析。分析表明随着粉碎转速增高、锤片数量增加和动定刀间隙减小,颗粒尺寸均减小,粉碎扭矩先减小后增大,羊草抛送距离先增大后减小。随着出料口仰角的增大,羊草抛送距离先增大后减小。仿真得到的羊草最佳粉碎条件为粉碎转速1500 r/min、锤片数量24把、动定刀间隙22 mm和出料口仰角20°。取羊草进行粉碎试验,试验结果与仿真分析基本一致。当旋筒转速为8 r/min时,成捆压实羊草的粉碎效率为25 m^(3)/h,单人作业效率是铡草机的12倍,单机作业效率是铡草机的3倍。粉碎羊草破壁率大于90%,搓揉效果良好。粉碎羊草直径为0.1~1.2 mm,平均直径为0.65 mm。粉碎羊草长度为16~157 mm,平均长度为47 mm,抛送距离为11 m。粉碎后的羊草饲喂效果较好,达到了设计目标。Due to the lack of efficient forage grinders in China’s animal husbandry industry,a rotary feed tube hammer grinder was designed,and the theoretical model of grinding and rotating feed was established.The key parameters,such as hammer size and shape of,rotation radius,grinding speed,throwing distance,conveying capacity,feeding speed and the length of particles were designed and calculated.EDEM was used to simulate the key factors such as the grinding speed,hammer numbers,tool clearance and discharging angle to grind Leymus chinensis.Analysis result showed that with the increase of the grinding speed,the increase of the hammer number,and the decreases of the tool clearance,the particle size was decreased,the grinding torque was firstly decreased and then increased,and the particle throwing distance was increased first and then decreased.With the increase of the discharging angle,the particle throwing distance was increased first and then decreased.The optimal grinding parameters of Leymus chinensis obtained by simulation were the grinding speed of 1500 r/min,the hammers number of 24,the tool clearance of 22 mm,and the discharging angle of 20°.Leymus chinensis was taken for grinding test,and the test results were basically consistent with the simulation analysis.When the rotating speed of tube was 8 r/min,the grinding efficiency of compacted Leymus chinensis was 25 m^(3)/h.The single-person working efficiency was more than 12 times of that of the chaff cutter,and the single-machine working efficiency was more than three times of that of the chaff cutter.The wall-breaking rate of Leymus chinensis particles was greater than 90%,and the rubbing effect was good.The diameter of particles was ranged from 0.1 mm to 1.2 mm,with an average diameter of 0.65 mm.The particle length was distributed in the range of 16 mm to 157 mm,the average length was 47 mm,and the throwing distance was 11 m.The feeding effect of the grinded Leymus chinensis was better,and the design goal was completed.

关 键 词：羊草粉碎机 锤片 旋筒供料 破壁 搓揉 

分 类 号：S817.3[农业科学—畜牧学]