短程射流共点交汇对撞阀设计与破碎能力检测  

Structure Design and Disrupting Effect Detection of Short Jet Collision Nozzle

作　　者：张绍英[1] 吴雪[2] 刘斌[2] 郭华 ZHANG Shaoying;WU Xue;LIU Bin;GUO Hua(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;School of Artificial Intelligence,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China;Langfang Tongyong Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Langfang 065001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]北京工商大学人工智能学院,北京100048 [3]廊坊通用机械制造有限公司,廊坊065001

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第12期393-399,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0400305)。

摘　　要：现有的射流阀均未对水力空化进行合理规划、有效控制和高效利用,存在破碎能量级低、能量构成欠合理、能量分散、能效低、废能占比高、对硬韧性物料破碎能力差等问题。为了提升高压射流破碎中的破碎能量级和密度,减少无效能产出,提出了一种短程射流共点交汇对撞阀结构方案及其水力空化效应机制。利用CFD进行了流场模拟,依据模拟结果配置了短程射流共点交汇对撞阀的几何和运行参数,通过捕集羟自由基和电镜成像检测了水力空化强化效果和对微晶纤维素的破碎效果,检测结果表明:与直孔阀相比,短程射流共点交汇对撞阀的羟自由基捕获量提高41%,无效动能减少60%~80%,可使微晶纤维壳层破碎并能剥离出直径约15 nm的微原纤。短程射流共点交汇对撞破碎明显提升了溃灭冲击能,可作为硬韧性生物材料超微细化的有效方法。During the process of pulverizing tough and tensile material through high pressure jet method,inefficiency of energy applications is always a prominent problem.Cavitation involved in high pressure jet operation has not been properly planned,effectively controlled and efficiently used.Short jet collision nozzle which is considered as a new type nozzle in order to promote cavitation effect and enhance collision energy density was investigated.And hydrodynamic cavitation mechanism occurred in short jet collision nozzle was also discussed.The key structure parameter of this nozzle was configured according to the results of computational fluid dynamics simulation.The radial and annular grooves were symmetrically manufactured on the nozzle surface by laser corrosion.Then superfine pulverizing experiments based on short jet collision nozzle were presented.The degree of hydrodynamic cavitation and the superfine effect of microcrystalline cellulose was tested through·OH level and scanning electron microscope.The experimental results showed that output rate of·OH was increased by 41%and invalid kinetic energy was cut by 60%~80%compared with direct-hole nozzle.The micro fibril about 15 nm long can be separated from fiber bundle of microcrystalline cellulose.Impact energy produced by bubble collision in this new type nozzle was promoted obviously.So efficient pulverization can be reached through the application of the short jet collision nozzle which can be perfectly used for superfine pulverizing tough and tensile biomaterials.

关 键 词：射流破碎 超微细化 短程射流共点交汇对撞阀 水力空化 

分 类 号：S226.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]