原油(重油)制化学品的技术及其进展——Ⅰ.原油蒸汽裂解技术  

Technology and progress in crude oil to chemicals Part one: crude oil steam cracking technology

作　　者：吴青 Wu Qing(CNOOC Department of Science&Technology and Information,Beijing 100010;Molecular Engineering and Efficient Utilization of Offshore Oil and Gas Resources Key Laboratory of CNOOC,Tianjin 300131)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋石油集团有限公司科技信息部,北京市100010 [2]中海油分子工程与海洋油气资源高效利用实验室,天津市300131

出　　处：《炼油技术与工程》2022年第4期1-10,共10页Petroleum Refinery Engineering

摘　　要：石油需求下降,油品消费峰值提前来临,但化工品需求旺盛的大格局下,产能已经严重过剩的炼油产业向化工转型已是必然趋势。原油制化学品(COTC)技术包括原油蒸汽裂解、催化裂解、DPC碱催化等。介绍了COTC已经工业化和研发中的各类技术的现状、发展趋势,并对COTC技术发展做了展望。本文为COTC的第一部分,介绍遵循热裂化反应自由基机理的原油蒸汽裂解技术的现状、进展以及蒸汽裂解技术与加氢、催化裂解等技术集成、耦合情况,重点分析、探讨了原油蒸汽裂解技术本身的核心问题解决方案,即如何处理原油中难气化的高沸点大分子化合物夹带,以避免裂解炉结焦的问题,归纳了相关技术并探讨了发展方向。Under the situation of declining petroleum demand and coming ahead of time of the oil consumption peak but strong demand for chemical products, it is an inevitable trend for refining industry with serious excess capacity to transform to chemical industry. Crude oil to chemicals(COTC) technology includes crude oil steam cracking, catalytic cracking, and DPC basic catalytic cutting technologies. This paper introduces the status quo and development trend of various technologies in COTC industrialization and makes prospects for the development of COTC technology. In this paper, the first part of COTC introduces the status and progress of crude oil steam cracking technology(Thermal cracking) based on free radical reaction mechanism, as well as the integration and coupling of steam cracking technology with hydrogenation and catalytic cracking technology. This paper focuses on the analysis and discussion of the solution to the core problem of crude oil steam cracking technology itself, that is, how to deal with the entraining or disposal of high boiling point large molecular weight compounds in crude oil which are difficult to be vaporized to avoid coking in cracking furnace, summarizes the related technology and discusses the development direction.

关 键 词：原油制化学品 原油蒸汽裂解技术 催化裂解技术 液相重油馏分 结焦 

分 类 号：TE624[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]