miRNA标志物在临床检测的应用  

Perspective of Clinical Diagnosis by MiRNAs Biomarker

作　　者：王火强[1] 王奕然 WANG Huoqiang;WANG Yiran(Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433,China;Shanghai miRAN Biotech Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201203,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学附属上海肺科医院核医学科,上海200433 [2]上海米然生物科技有限公司,上海201203

出　　处：《中国医药导刊》2022年第2期127-130,共4页Chinese Journal of Medicinal Guide

基　　金：上海市2021年科技型中小企业技术创新资金项目(项目编号:H210H1153500,项目名称:基于血液miRNA的早期肺癌诊断技术)。

摘　　要：自miRNA被发现以来,miRNA已被确认为与正常生理和疾病发病机制相关的复杂生物过程中的关键调控因子。miRNAs通过碱基互补配对方式识别和结合特定的mRNA来激活、降解或干扰其翻译,在转录后水平对相关基因的表达起正调控和负调控的双重作用。miRNA在血清中稳定存在,通过对血清miRNA进行定量检测分析,能够在癌症的早期实现较准确判断,具有较高灵敏度。监测miRNA标志物在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用,是其作为肿瘤诊断、预后标志物及治疗靶点的基础。miRNA标志物在早期癌症的诊断、心脑血管和神经退行性疾病的监测和治疗药物的伴随诊断等领域,具有极大优势。同时,现有基于PCR方法的miRNA检测存在不可避免的缺陷,随着技术的进步必将得到解决。鉴于此,本研究归纳了miRNA作为临床诊断需要解决的具体问题和配套的支持系统,以期为其尽早纳入常规诊断技术提供参考。MicroRNA(miRNA)has been recognized as a key regulatory factor in complex biological processes related to normal physiology and disease pathogenesis.miRNAs recognize and bind specific mRNAs through complementary base pairing to activate,degrade or interfere with their translation,and play a dual role of positive and negative regulation on the expression of related genes at the post-transcriptional level.miRNA exists stably in serum.By quantitatively detecting and analyzing serum miRNA,a more accurate judgment can be achieved in the early stage of cancer with high sensitivity.Monitoring the role of miRNA markers in tumor occurrence and development is the basis for their use as tumor diagnosis,prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.miRNA biomarkers have great advantages in clinical diagnosis,including the diagnosis of early-stage cancers,the monitoring of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases,and the companion diagnosis for selection of therapeutic drugs.Current PCR based miRNA assay methods have inevitable biases,which can be solved with the development of novel RNA assay technologies.In view of this,we summarized specific problems that need to be resolved and strategies,in order to accelerate miRNA to become a major biomarker in routine diagnostics.

关 键 词：微小RNA 生物标志物 诊断 癌症 

分 类 号：R446.1[医药卫生—诊断学]