退化高寒草甸狼毒群落分类特征及其环境影响因子  

Classification of Stellera chamaejasme communities and their relationships with environmental factors in degraded alpine meadow in the central Qilian Mountains,Qinghai Province

作　　者：刘咏梅[1,2] 董幸枝 龙永清 朱志梅[1,2] 王雷 盖星华[1] 赵樊 李京忠[4] LIU Yong-mei;DONG Xing-zhi;LONG Yong-qing;ZHU Zhi-mei;WANG Lei;GE Xing-hua;ZHAO Fan;LI Jing-zhong(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,Xi’an 710127,China;Geovis Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710100,China;School of Urban&Rural Planning and Landscape Architecture,Xuchang University,Xuchang 461000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西西安710127 [2]陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,陕西西安710127 [3]中科星图空间技术有限公司,陕西西安710100 [4]许昌学院城乡规划与园林学院,河南许昌461000

出　　处：《草业学报》2022年第4期1-11,共11页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41871335);科技援青合作专项(2020-QY-210)资助。

摘　　要：狼毒的入侵扩散对青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统的影响和当地畜牧业健康发展的制约日益严重。基于祁连山中段典型样地的群落调查、土壤采样和高精度地形测量数据,采用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)、除趋势对应分析(DCA)和冗余分析(RDA)在微观尺度上探讨了退化高寒草甸狼毒群落的分类特征及其对环境因子的响应关系。结果表明:1)TWINSPAN分类将退化草甸狼毒群落划分为3种群丛类型,即Ⅰ)狼毒+紫花针茅+线叶嵩草+披针叶黄华群丛;Ⅱ)狼毒+紫花针茅+委陵菜+美丽风毛菊群丛;Ⅲ)紫花针茅+草玉梅+狼毒+早熟禾群丛。2)RDA分析显示土壤全磷、全钾含量是影响退化草甸狼毒群落分布的主要环境因子,其次是坡向。土壤养分对于狼毒群落空间格局的形成发挥着重要作用,覆盖度高的狼毒群丛对低磷、低钾的土壤环境更敏感。3)随着入侵程度加重,狼毒群丛Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ的物种优势度发生明显更替,禾本科植物(早熟禾、紫花针茅)重要值减小(4.10、3.12、2.10),豆科植物(异叶米口袋、花苜蓿)重要值先增后减(0.28、0.57、0.25),莎草科植物(线叶嵩草、矮生嵩草)重要值增加(0.23、1.18、2.19)、毒杂草(狼毒、草玉梅、披针叶黄华、乳白香青、青海刺参等)重要值明显上升(6.10、5.14、10.08),群落Ⅰ和Ⅱ中狼毒替代紫花针茅成为最重要的建群种,狼毒覆盖度呈规律地梯度增加(5.5%、11.0%、29.7%)。本研究反映了狼毒型退化草甸逆向演替过程中的群落构成和环境因子变化特征,可为草地资源管理、退化草甸修复及狼毒综合治理提供参考和依据。The invasion of Stellera chamaejasme has exerted an increasing impact on the alpine meadow ecosystem and animal husbandry on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.In this study,we explored the relationships between S.chamaejasme communities and environmental factors on a local scale,using data for plant communities,soil characteristics,and topography collected from a typical degraded meadow in the central Qilian Mountains.The data were analyzed using two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN),detrended correspondence analysis(DCA),and redundancy analysis(RDA).The main findings were as follows:1)TWINSPAN divided the 45 plots into three association types:AssociationⅠ-S.chamaejasme+Stipa purpurea+Kobresia capillifolia+Thermopsis lanceolata;AssociationⅡ-S.chamaejasme+S.purpurea+Potentilla chinensis+Saussurea pulchra;and AssociationⅢ-S.purpurea+Anemone rivularis+S.chamaejasme+Poa annua.2)The RDA analysis indicated that the distribution of S.chamaejasme was significantly affected by soil total phosphorus and soil total potassium content,followed by aspect.Soil nutrient contents played an important role in the spatial patterning of the three association types,and S.chamaejasme associations with high coverage were more susceptible to low-phosphorus and low-potassium conditions.3)Species dominance in AssociationsⅢ,Ⅱ,andⅠchanged with the spread of S.chamaejasme,the importance values of the Poaceae forages P.annua and S.purpurea decreased(4.10,3.12,2.10),those of the Fabaceae species Gueldenstaedtia diversifolia and Medicago ruthenica initially increased and then decreased(0.28,0.57,0.25),those of the Cyperaceae species K.capillifolia and Kobresia humilis increased(0.23,1.18,2.19),and those of forbs and poisonous plants(S.chamaejasme,A.rivularis,T.lanceolata,Anaphalis lactea,and Morina kokonorica)markedly increased(6.10,5.14,10.08).Over time,S.chamaejasme replaced S.purpurea and became the dominant species in AssociationsⅠandⅡ,and the S.chamaejasme coverage increased(5.5%,11.0%,29.7%).The results of this study revea

关 键 词：狼毒 退化高寒草甸 土壤地形因子 双向指示种分析 除趋势对应分析 冗余分析 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]