添加剂种类和组合对晾晒后全株油菜青贮效果的影响  

Effects of additive types and combinations on silage quality of whole-plant rape after harvesting and air-drying

作　　者：周迪 杨帅 张欣欣 袁婧 高艳霞[2] 李建国[2] 汪波[3] 周广生[3] 傅廷栋[3] 叶俊 杨利国[1,5] 滑国华 ZHOU Di;YANG Shuai;ZHANG Xin-xin;YUAN Jing;GAO Yan-xia;LI Jian-guo;WANG Bo;ZHOU Guang-sheng;FU Ting-dong;YE Jun;YANG Li-guo;HUA Guo-hua(College of Animal Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430000,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430000,China;Hubei Province Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Work Station,Wuhan 430000,China;Hubei Province Buffalo Engineering Center,Wuhan 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学动物科技学院,湖北武汉430000 [2]河北农业大学动物科技学院,河北保定071000 [3]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430000 [4]湖北省耕地质量与肥料工作总站,湖北武汉430000 [5]湖北省水牛工程中心,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《草业学报》2022年第4期124-135,共12页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0502005),现代农业产业技术体系专项和湖北省现代农业产业技术体系资助。

摘　　要：本研究旨在建立一种高效全株油菜青贮的方法。油菜在终花期刈割,就地晾晒3~4 d,水分降至70%以下后,利用不同添加剂方案进行青贮,从感官指标、化学成分和动物瘤胃降解率3个方面,综合评估了7种青贮添加剂(对照组、固体菌剂S组、液体菌剂L组、固体菌剂+液体菌剂SL组、固体菌剂+液体菌剂+玉米粉SLC组、固体菌剂+液体菌剂+红糖SLB组和玉米粉C组)的青贮效果。研究结果表明,各处理组和对照组青贮油菜感官评价指标均为优等,SLC和SLB组pH和水分在各青贮时期最稳定(P<0.05);化学组分分析结果表明SLC组中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量最低,干物质含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。青贮料瘤胃降解(尼龙袋法)试验表明,各组干物质、粗蛋白、中性和酸性洗涤纤维降解率随瘤胃消化时间的增加而提高(P<0.05),油菜青贮60 d时各组间瘤胃内干物质、粗蛋白、中性和酸性洗涤纤维降解率差异显著(P<0.05),其中SLC组在瘤胃(72 h)的降解率最高(P<0.05)。综上所述,全株油菜经刈割晾晒水分降至70%以下后,添加固体菌剂、液体菌剂和玉米粉进行青贮,能有效保存油菜营养价值并提高其瘤胃降解率。本研究为油菜青贮保存提供了技术支撑,对解决养牛业饲料资源短缺、促进“油改饲”工作进程具有重要意义。The aim of study was to develop an effective additive formulation for ensiling whole-plant rape.A rape crop was harvested at the final flowering stage and air-dried in the field for 3-4 days,then ensiled as the moisture content dropped below 70%,with different additives used in different silage batches.Fermentation outcomes were evaluated for seven additive treatments:Control(no additive),a solid inoculum treatment(S),a liquid inoculum treatment(L),a solid inoculum+liquid inoculum treatment(SL),a solid inoculum+liquid inoculum+corn flour treatment(SLC),a solid inoculum+liquid inoculum+brown sugar treatment SLB,and a corn meal treatment(C).Sensory characteristics,chemical composition and animal rumen degradation rate were measured and data was evaluated using multivariate analysis.It was found that the sensory characteristics of the silage rape were excellent in all treatments,including the control.As judged by pH and moisture data,the SLC and SLB treatments were the most stable(P<0.05).Analysis of chemical composition showed that neutral detergent fiber(P>0.05)and acid detergent fiber contents(P<0.05)were lowest in the SLC treatment,and that the dry matter content was significantly higher in SLC than in other treatments(P<0.05).Results from rumen degradation of silage samples using the nylon bag method showed that the degradation of dry matter,crude protein,neutral and acidic detergent fiber in all treatments increased with digestion time(P<0.05).After 60 days fermentation,the rumen degradation rate of dry matter,crude protein and neutral and acid detergent fiber differed significantly(P<0.05)between additive treatments,with the SLC treatment having the highest degradation rate(72 h)(P<0.05).In summary,whole-plant rape harvested and air-dried to a moisture content under 70%made stable,high quality silage.Addition of S,L or more complex SLC additives mixed thoroughly with the chopped rape further increased the whole-plant rape silage nutritional value and rumen digestibility.The study provides technical data on th

关 键 词：油菜 青贮 青贮添加剂 瘤胃降解率 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]