美国非自愿医疗实体要件分析及其启示  

Analysis of the Substantive Elements of Involuntary Treatment in the United States and Its Enlightenment

作　　者：陈绍辉[1] CHEN Shaohui(School of Political Science and Law,JiangXi Normal University,Nanchang,Jangxi,330000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学政法学院,江西南昌330000

出　　处：《医学与社会》2022年第4期128-133,共6页Medicine and Society

基　　金：四川医事卫生法治研究中心重点项目,编号为YF17-Z01;国家社会科学基金资助项目,编号为16BFX076。

摘　　要：目前,美国各州非自愿医疗的实体要件朝多元化方向发展,除精神障碍和危险性要件外,还包括严重失能、需要治疗、最小限制原则等。《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》亦采取“精神障碍+危险性”要件,非自愿医疗的要件较为单一,且法律对危险性要件缺乏必要的界定。从保障人权和规范非自愿医疗的实施出发,有必要进一步完善非自愿医疗的实体要件,并明确危险性的具体构成及其认定标准。In the United States,the criteria of involuntary treatment in various states are developing in a diversified direction.In addition to the requirements of mental disorder and risk,the entity requirements also include serious disability,the need for treatment,the least restrictive alternative,etc.People's republic of China mental health law also adopts the"mental disorder+dangerousness"criteria,the criteria of involuntary treatment is relatively simple,and the law lacks the necessary definition of dangerousness.In order to protect human rights and regulate the enforcement of involuntary treatment,it is necessary to further improve the criteria of involuntary treatment,and clarify the specific composition of the dangerousness and its identification standard.

关 键 词：非自愿医疗 危险性 精神障碍 美国 

分 类 号：R19-019[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]