南海中沙群岛海域温盐结构时空变化特征及其控制因素  

Temporal-spatial variation characteristics and the controlling factors of temperature and salinity structure in Zhongsha Islands sea area of the South China Sea

作　　者：黄诚[1,2] 吴能友 吴晓 刘时桥[2] 张经纬 许丞 刘亮 董新柱 陈靓 HUANG Cheng;WU Nengyou;WU Xiao;LIU Shiqiao;ZHANG Jingwei;XU Cheng;LIU Liang;DONG Xinzhu;CHEN Liang(Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center,China Geological Survey,Haikou 570100,China;Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology,China Geological Survey,Qingdao 266236,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,青岛266100 [2]中国地质调查局海口海洋地质调查中心,海口570100 [3]中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所,青岛266237

出　　处：《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2022年第2期1-14,共14页Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology

基　　金：中国地质调查局专项“海南ZS群岛海域1:25万海洋区域地质调查”(DD20191027)。

摘　　要：南海中沙群岛海域夏秋季水团实测温盐深数据统计分析结果表明,研究区海水表层温度为30.0~31.2℃,最高温度位于中沙海台区域;表层盐度为33.6~34.1 PSU,最高盐度分布在西北部东岛海域附近;底层温度1~25℃,盐度34.1~35.2 PSU,最高盐度分布在工区东南角。总体上,研究区水团温盐结构表现为表层高温低盐、底层低温高盐的特征,混合层深度为20~90 m。研究区表、中、底层水体垂向流速各不相同,流速为0.01~0.22 m/s。根据FVCOM模型分析了调查区温度、盐度季节性变化特征,冬季,研究区南侧的海域海表温度明显高于北侧,南北温差显著;夏季,海表温盐分布受到台风作用较为明显,海表温度的空间分布趋于均一。数值模拟表明,研究区流场整体表现为冬夏季强、春秋季较弱的季节性变化特征。模拟结果显示,极端天气在短期内对研究区温盐结构产生显著影响,表现为海表温度降低、混合层深度增加,水体垂向混合作用增强。The statistical analysis results of CTD measured data of water mass in summer and autumn from the sea area of the Zhongsha Islands show that the sea surface temperature of seawater in the study area is between 30.0 and 31.2℃,and the highest temperature distributed in the platform of the Zhongsha Islands.The sea surface salinity is from 33.6 to 34.1 PSU,and the highest salinity distributed near the Dong Island.The bottom temperature is from 1 to 25℃,and salinity from 34.1 to 35.2 PSU,the highest salinity distributed in the southeast corner of the study area.In general,the temperature-salinity structure of the study area is characterized by high temperature,low salt in the surface layer and low temperature,high salt in the bottom layer,and the depth of mixed layer is between 20 and 90 m.The vertical velocity of surface,middle and bottom water in the study area is different,and the velocity is between 0.01 and 0.22 m/s.The seasonal variation characteristics of temperature and salinity in the study area were analyzed according to the FVCOM model.In winter,the sea surface temperature in the south of the study area was significantly higher than that in the north,and the temperature difference between the north and south was obvious.In summer,the distribution of sea surface temperature and salinity is obviously affected by typhoon,and the spatial distribution of sea surface temperature tends to be uniform.The numerical simulation results show that the intensity of flow field in the study area is strength in winter and summer,and weak in spring and autumn.The simulation results also show that extreme weather has a significant effect on the temperature and salinity structure in the study area in a short term,which is manifested as the decrease of sea surface temperature,the increase of mixed layer depth,and the enhancement of vertical mixing effect of water body.

关 键 词：温盐结构 FVCOM数值模型 混合层 极端气候 中沙群岛海域 

分 类 号：P736[天文地球—海洋地质]