洞庭湖“芦苇”产业发展面临的困境及对策分析  

Development of the Dongting Lake grown Miscanthus Lutarioriparius derived bio-industries:Problems and solutions

作　　者：薛帅[1,2,3] 易自力[2,3] 黄红梅[2,3] 杨塞[2,3,4] XUE Shuai;YI Zi-li;HUANG Hong-mei;YANG Sai(Hunan Agricultural University,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization,College of Bioscience&Biotechnology,Department of Bioscience,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Agricultural University,Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Miscanthus Ecological Applications,Department of Bioscience,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Agricultural University,Hunan Branch,National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass,Department of Bioscience,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Agricultural University,Orient Science&Technology College,Department of Bioscience,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学,生物科学技术学院,作物种质创新与资源利用湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学,芒属植物生态应用技术湖南省工程实验室,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南农业大学,国家能源非粮生物质原料研发中心湖南分中心,湖南长沙410128 [4]湖南农业大学,东方科技学院,生命科学学部,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《环境生态学》2022年第4期33-38,共6页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：湖南省重点领域研发计划项目(2019NK2011&2019NK2021);湖南创新型省份建设项目(2019RS1051);作物种质创新与资源利用重点实验室开放项目(19KFXM04)资助。

摘　　要：洞庭湖作为长江流域重要湖泊,对维系其生态健康发挥了重要功能,其中主要贡献者是“芦苇荡”。这些“芦苇”种群由90%南荻(Miscanthus lutarioriparius)和10%芦苇(Phragmites communis)构成,同时发挥了重要的生态和经济功能(以造纸业为主)。近年来,在“生态文明建设”的新时代背景下,现有的“芦苇”造纸产业因污染问题被全面清退,造成了一系列社会、环境问题。为了促进洞庭湖“芦苇”产业的可持续发展,系统阐述了洞庭湖“芦苇”群落的特征与功能,总结了“芦苇”产业的发展过程及其现状,系统分析了“芦苇”弃收带来的风险,综述了“芦苇”产业发展需要解决的问题。从技术和管理层面对破除“芦苇”保护与利用困境提出了对策及建议,为破解洞庭湖“芦苇”产业发展面临的困境提供了方向指引。Dongting Lake plays an important role in the stabilization of Yangtze River ecosystem.This is mainly contributed by the plant community,which is generally called‘reed marsh’,of its wetland system.The Dongting‘reed marsh’is characterized to be composed by 90%Miscanthus lutarioriparius community and Phragmites communis(the real reed)community of only 10%.Except the ecological functions,the‘reed marsh’also support a biomass-based industry cluster,which is dominated by the paper-making industry.The paper-making is a high-water-use and high-water-pollution industry,which hinders the water pollution control.Nowadays,China goes into a new era,which sets the‘Ecological Civilization Construction as s a national strategy.Therefore,all the paper mills were closed by Hunan provincial government due to their threats for water pollution control.The sudden closure of paper mills has caused a serious of social,economic and ecological problems.To address these problems,transformation and upgrading of the biomass-based industry is required.To guide the industrial transformation,it is needed to deeply understand the Dongting Lake grown‘reed marsh’.Therefore,this paper was designed with contents of:1)systematically describing the characteristics and functions of the Dongting‘reed marsh’;2)summarizing the history and current status of the‘reed marsh’derived bio-industries;3)analyzing the potential risks after the closure of paper mills;4)clarifying and listing the bottle-neck problems in the transformation of‘reed marsh’derived bio-industries.Finally,suggestions to solve the Dongting Lake biomass derived dilemma were given in terms of both technique and policy level.This paper will guide the future development of biomass derived industries around Dongting Lake.

关 键 词：芒属植物 南荻 生态工业植物 湿地生态 生态风险 生态管护 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]