公民参与警务监督:美国的经验教训与启示  

Citizen Participation in Police Supervision:American Lessons and Enlightenment

作　　者：钱程 QIAN Cheng(Criminal Justice College, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期86-96,共11页Journal of South China University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助重点项目“检察制度发展研究”(19FFXA001)。

摘　　要：美国市民监督委员会是美国公民参与警务监督的专门机构,其对警察行为不检案件享有独立调查权能和纪律处理权限。美国市民监督委员会以一种类准司法形式进行公民监督,以避免同体监督、内部审查的原生性弊端,由于其内部存在运作资金匮乏、独立性不足、专业性缺失等问题,外部又受制于警察群体抵制行为、种族歧视性执法陋习,该机构并未充分发挥其独立审查优势,在警察不当执法案件审查追责中屡屡失灵。美国的实践为完善我国公民参与警务监督机制带来多方面启示,即充分重视公民参与警务监督、以外部监督补强内部追责、优化我国警察执法规范建设,同时注意公民参与警务监督的程度,勿超过公民权利边界。The U.S.civilian review board is a specialized agency for American citizens to participate in police supervision,and it has independent investigative powers and disciplinary powers in cases of police misconduct.The U.S.civilian review board conducts citizen supervision in a quasi-judicial form to avoid the original disadvantages of same-body supervision and internal review.However,there are problems such as the lack of operating funds,insufficient independence,and the lack of professionalism within the citizen review board.At the same time,it is subject to external problems,such as the resistance of police groups and the bad customs of racial discrimination in law enforcement.Thus,the agency has not fully utilized its independent review advantages and failed repeatedly in the review and accountability of police improper law enforcement cases.The practice of the United States has brought many lessons and enlightenments to the improvement of Chinese citizens'participation in police supervision mechanisms:fully attaching importance to citizens'participation in police supervision,strengthening internal accountability with external supervision,optimizing the construction of police law enforcement standards in our country,and paying attention to the degree of citizens'participation in police supervision,which should not exceed the boundary of civil rights.

关 键 词：美国市民监督委员会 公民监督 外部审查 调查权 权利边界 

分 类 号：D926.34[政治法律—法学]