南美洲油气资源分布特征和勘探潜力  

Distribution characteristics and exploration potential of oil and gas resources in South America

作　　者：边海光[1] 宋成鹏[1] 刘祚冬[1] 汪永华[1] 李恒萱 栾天思 Bian Haiguang;Song Chengpeng;Liu Zuodong;Wang Yonghua;Li Hengxuan;Luan Tiansi(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,100083

出　　处：《中国石油勘探》2022年第2期59-70,共12页China Petroleum Exploration

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“全球油气资源评价与选区选带研究”(2016ZX05029);中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目“全球重点领域超前选区选带研究”(2021DJ3101)。

摘　　要：由于近年来南美洲不断获得重大油气发现和油气战略选区的需要,为了弄清南美洲油气资源空间分布和待发现资源量情况,在前人地质研究基础之上开展了相关研究工作。南美洲大陆受太平洋板块俯冲和南大西洋拉开等区域构造作用控制,形成了东、西、南、北不同的构造演化特征,发育了克拉通、弧前、弧后、前陆和被动陆缘等类型沉积盆地。通过对已发现油气田在国家、盆地和储集层位上的分布进行统计分析,认为南美洲油气资源分布广泛,但是富集程度具有较大差异,绝大部分油气聚集于少数国家和少量盆地内。南美洲西部碰撞大陆边缘前陆盆地和东部大西洋沿岸被动陆缘盆地是油气最为富集的两类盆地,以中—新生界砂岩和碳酸盐岩储层为主。对于56个不同勘探程度的含油气盆地,分别采用圈闭评价法和类比法进行待发现资源评价。评价结果认为,南美洲油气勘探潜力还很巨大,待发现油气可采资源量约为503.5×10^(8)t油当量;未来勘探重点不只局限于高勘探程度盆地,也要重视低勘探程度盆地。In recent years,major oil and gas discoveries have continuously been made in South America.Relevant research works are conducted on the basis of previous geological studies to understand the spatial distribution and the amount of undiscovered oil and gas resources in South America,so as to provided reference for the selection of strategic exploration area.Controlled by the regional tectonism such as subduction of the Pacific Plate and pull apart of the South Atlantic,the South American continent has different tectonic evolution characteristics of its eastern,western,southern and northern structural parts,developing various types of sedimentary basins such as craton,fore-arc,back-arc,foreland and passive continental margin.The statistical analysis of the distribution of discovered oil and gas fields in various countries,basins and reservoir formation shows that the oil and gas resources are widely distributed in South America with various degrees of enrichment.Most of the oil and gas reserves are concentrated few countries.The oil and gas resources are the most abundant in two types of basins,i.e.,the foreland basins of collision continental margin in the western South America and the passive continental margin basins on the eastern Atlantic coast,with the main reservoir of the Mesozoic sandstone and carbonate rocks.The trap evaluation method and analogy method are applied to estimate the undiscovered resources in 56 petroliferous basins with different exploration levels.The results show that it still has great potential for oil and gas exploration in South America,with the undiscovered recoverable oil and gas resources of 50.35 billion tons of oil equivalent.The future exploration will focus not only on basins with high exploration level,but also on those with low exploration level.

关 键 词：南美洲 前陆盆地 被动陆缘盆地 圈闭评价法 类比法 资源潜力 

分 类 号：TE122.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]