冲突视阈下类别信息与个体信息知觉负载的认知控制效应  

The Cognitive Control Effects of Categorical Information and Individual Information’s Perceptual Load

作　　者：崔诣晨 谈晨皓 刘青玉 夏琪 周仁来[2] Cui Yichen;Tan Chenhao;Liu Qingyu;Xia Qi;Zhou Renlai(Institute of Mental Health,Nanjing Xiaozhuang University,Nanjing 210017;School of Social and Behavioral Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023;Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science(Shanghai Anti-doping Agency),Shanghai 200030;School of Marxism,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433;Yangzhou Technical Vocational College,Yangzhou 225003)

机构地区：[1]南京晓庄学院心理健康研究院,南京210017 [2]南京大学社会学院,南京210023 [3]上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海200030 [4]上海财经大学马克思主义学院,上海200433 [5]扬州高等职业技术学校,扬州225003

出　　处：《心理学探新》2021年第6期547-553,共7页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第69批面上资助项目(2021M691539);江苏省社会科学基金后期资助项目(19HQ032)。

摘　　要：个体根据知觉选择、反应偏向以及实时更新的情境信息调节自身状态,以适应性地促进对当前知觉信息的灵活编码,这一过程即为印象形成的认知控制。采用词语判断任务与侧抑制任务的变式将他人信息(类别信息vs.个体信息)分成高、低知觉负载两种水平,考察了冲突视阈下认知控制策略对他人印象形成的调控作用及知觉负载的效应。结果发现:(1)知觉负载影响他人印象形成的认知控制策略。(2)当类别信息与个体信息存在知觉冲突且个体的知觉负载较高时,受到反应性控制的作用,他人印象形成易出现冲突适应偏向;当个体的知觉负载较低时,他人印象形成易受主动性控制的作用,从而产生冲突抑制偏向。这些结果表明,当个体形成他人印象时,其认知控制策略因受知觉负载影响而呈现分阶段加工特征。Individuals adjust their own state according to perceptual selection,reaction bias,and real-time updated situational information,so as to promote the flexible encoding of current perceptual information adaptively,which is the cognitive control of impression formation.Usingthe word judgment task and the variant of Eriksen flanker task to divide others information(categorical information vs.individual information)into two levels:high and low perception load,we investigated the regulation of cognitive control strategies on others'impression formation and the effects of perceptual load under the threshold of conflict.The results show that:(1)Perceptual load influences cognitive control strategies of others'impression formation.(2)When there is perceptual conflict between categorical information and individual information and the individual's perceptual load is high,the formation of others'impression is prone to conflict adaptation bias due to reactive control;when the individual's perceptual load is low,the formation of other people's impression is subject to proactive control,resulting in conflict inhibition bias.These results indicate that the cognitive control strategies of individuals are processed in stages under the influence of perceptual load when they form others'impressions.

关 键 词：知觉负载 印象形成 认知控制策略 主动性控制 反应性控制 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]