基于55K SNP芯片分析的优质小麦的遗传多样性  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of High-Quality Wheat Cultivars Based on 55K SNP Arrays

作　　者：张楠[1] 彭义峰[1] 李亚青[1] 张士昌[1] 李孟军[1] 何明琦[1] ZHANG Nan;PENG Yifeng;LI Yaqing;ZHANG Shichang;LI Mengjun;HE Mingqi(Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Wheat Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050041,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄市农林科学研究院,河北省小麦工程技术研究中心,河北石家庄050041

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2022年第3期264-271,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家现代农业小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03);河北省重点研发计划项目(20326346D)。

摘　　要：为分析优质小麦品种的遗传多样性,探讨其亲缘关系,以45个优质小麦品种和5个优质高代品系为试验材料,利用55KSNP芯片对其杂合度、遗传相似度、群体遗传结构和染色体低多态性区段进行分析。结果表明,45个优质小麦品种的遗传相似度系数(GS)为0.488~0.928,平均值为0.603,其中16个品种与其他品种的GS均高于0.800;50个优质小麦品种(系)可分为2个类群7个亚群,其中类群1可分为6个亚群。除亚群Ⅴ的10个品种外,其余亚群品种的遗传聚类结果与品种系谱来源较为吻合。B基因组的多态性SNP位点最多,A基因组次之,D基因组最少。在21条染色体中,4D染色体上的多态性SNP位点最少。A基因组和D基因组染色体低多态性区段高于B基因组。在优质小麦选育过程中,A基因组和D基因组受到的选择压力高于B基因组。Analysis of genetic diversity and pedigree of high-quality wheat cultivars can provide basis for high-quality wheat breeding. The heterozygote rate,genetic similarity,population genetic structure,and chromosomic low-diversity regions of 50 high-quality wheat cultivars(lines) were analyzed using 55K SNP arrays. Genetic similarities in 45 high-quality wheat cultivars ranged from 0.488 to 0.928,with an average of 0.603.Genetic similarities of 16 cultivars with others were above 0.800.Fifty high-quality wheat cultivars(lines) were divided into 2 groups and 7 subgroups. Group Ⅰ were further classified into 6 subgroups. Except for 10 wheat cultivars in subgroup Ⅴ,the results of cluster analysis was closely coincident with their pedigrees. B genome carries the most SNP loci and D genome carries the least. The SNP loci on 4D chromosome were the least in all chromosomes of wheat genome. The low-diversity regions in A- and D-genomes were more than those in B-genome. The selection pressure of A- and D-genomes was higher than that of B-genome in high-quality wheat breeding.

关 键 词：优质小麦 SNP芯片 遗传多样性 遗传相似度系数 进化树分析 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330