种植密度对春大麦物质积累与转运的影响  

Effect of Planting Density on the Material Accumulation and Transportation of Spring Barley

作　　者：王文迪 刘志萍 巴图 马宇 李建波 吕二锁 郭呈宇 王海泽 王金波 齐海祥 徐寿军[1] WANG Wendi;LIU Zhiping;BA Tu;MA Yu;LI Jianbo;LÜErsuo;GUO Chengyu;WANG Haize;WANG Jinbo;QI Haixiang;XU Shoujun(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia 028042,China;Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural&Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古通辽028042 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院作物育种与栽培研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2022年第3期352-360,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760357,31360307);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0059);大麦青稞产业技术体系项目(CARS-05)。

摘　　要：为给大麦高产优质栽培中种植密度的合理选择提供理论依据,以蒙啤3号、甘啤4号、蒙啤5号、垦啤7号4个品种为供试材料,分析了375万、450万、525万和600万株·hm^(-2)4个种植密度下大麦干物质和氮素积累、转运的规律。结果表明,随着种植密度的提高,大麦干物质花前积累量呈先升后降趋势,积累率及对籽粒产量的贡献率呈先降后升趋势,茎叶的干物质转运量在525万株·hm^(-2)种植密度下最高。氮素花前积累量和转运量均呈先升后降趋势,花前积累率、转运效率及对籽粒氮素的贡献率呈先降后升趋势。不同种植密度下各大麦品种茎秆干物质转运量均大于叶片,转运效率则表现为叶片大于茎秆,干物质转运对籽粒产量的贡献率以茎秆较高。蒙啤3号和甘啤4号各器官氮素转运量以叶片较高,蒙啤5号和垦啤7号则以茎秆较高;转运效率均以叶片较高;蒙啤3号和甘啤4号氮素转运对籽粒氮素的贡献率以叶片较高,蒙啤5号和垦啤7号则以茎秆为高。在本试验条件下,大麦最高产量的种植密度范围为550万~558万株·hm^(-2)。In order to provide a theoretical basis for the rational selection of planting density in high-yield and high-quality cultivation of barley,Mengpi 3,Ganpi 4,Mengpi 5 and Kenpi 7 were used as test materials,under four planting densities:3.75 million,4.5 million,5.25 million and 6 million plant·hm^(-2).Accumulation and transport of dry matter and nitrogen in barley under the four planting densities were analyzed.The results showed that with the increase of planting density,the accumulation of barley dry matter before anthesis increased first and then decreased,and the accumulation rate and the contribution rate to the grain first decreased and then increased.The transport amount of each organ reached the maximum under 5.25 million plants·hm^(-2).Nitrogen accumulation and transportation before anthesis increased first and then decreased.The accumulation rate before anthesis,transportation rate and the contribution rate to grain nitrogen decreased first and then increased.Under the different planting densities of different varieties of barley,the dry matter transport capacity of barley stalks was greater than that of leaves,while the transport rate of leaves was greater than that of stalks,and the contribution rate to the grain yield was higher than that of stalks.Mengpi 3 and Ganpi 4 had the highest nitrogen transfer rate in each organ,and Mengpi 5 and Kenpi 7 had the highest nitrogen transfer rate.The transfer rate of Mengpi 5 and Kenpi 7 was higher than that of the leaves.The effect of nitrogen transfer on the grains was higher.The contribution rate of Mengpi 3 and Ganpi 4 was higher in leaves,while Mengpi 5 and Kenpi 7 were higher in stalks.It showed that under the experimental conditions,the planting density of the highest yield of barley ranged from 5.50 million plants·hm^(-2) to 5.58 million plants·hm^(-2).

关 键 词：大麦 种植密度 干物质 氮素 积累 转运 

分 类 号：S512.2[农业科学—作物学] S311