贵州湄潭、凤冈地区茶园常见杂草与危害  

Common Weeds and Their Hazards in Tea Gardens in Fenggang and Meitan of Guizhou Province

作　　者：耿彦飞 龚雨洁 GENG Yan-fei;GONG Yu-jie(College of Tea Sciences,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学茶学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《杂草学报》2021年第4期7-16,共10页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(编号:31900275);贵州省科学技术基金(编号:黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般091);贵州大学人才引进项目[编号:贵大人基合字(2018)06]。

摘　　要：为进一步了解贵州茶园杂草情况,分别于2020年7、8月在贵州省凤冈县和湄潭县选择8个茶园样地共40个样方展开茶园群落杂草调查,以样线法确定杂草种类,采用双对角线五点取样法记载样方内杂草数量、高度、盖度等数据,并用其计算出危害程度、田间密度、田间均度、田间频度、相对多度。结果表明,凤冈和湄潭茶园共有50科135种杂草,菊科和禾本科杂草最为常见。两地危害程度Ⅲ级的杂草有较大差别,湄潭茶园的Ⅲ级危害杂草分别是普通针毛蕨、杠板归、蕨、垂序商陆、芒、渐尖毛蕨、龙葵、刚莠竹、牛膝;凤冈茶园Ⅲ级危害杂草分别是酸模叶蓼、愉悦蓼、马唐、野茼蒿、尼泊尔蓼、普通针毛蕨、牛筋草、透茎冷水花、钮子瓜;两地茶园样地杂草群落的Jaccard指数为0.43。To further understand the weeds in tea gardens of Guizhou,we investigated eight tea plantations with the obtained 40 samples in Meitan and Fenggangcounty of Guizhou in July and August,2020.The line transect method was used to determine the weed species and the double diagonal five-point sampling method was used to record the number,height,coverage and other data of various weeds to calculate the damage level,field density,field uniformity,field frequency and relative abundance.A total of 135 species belonging to 50 families of weeds were found in Fenggang and Meitan tea garden,and weeds of Compositae and Gramineae were the most common.There was the bigger difference in the weeds species between Meitan and Fenggang with a damage degree ofⅢ.Weeds with this damage category in Meitan were Macrothelypteris torresiana,Polygonum perfoliatum,Pteridium aquilinum var.latiusculum,Phytolacca americana,Miscanthus sinensis,Cyclosorus acuminatus,Solanum nigrum,Microstegium ciliate,and Achyranthes bidentata.Weeds with damage degree ofⅢin Fenggang were P.lapathifolium,P.jucundum,Digitaria sanguinalis,Crassocephalum crepidioide,P.nepalens,M.torresiana,Eleusine indica,Pilea pumila,and Zehneria maysorensis.The Jaccard index of weed community in Meitan and Fenggang tea gardens was 0.43.

关 键 词：贵州茶园 杂草 凤冈 湄潭 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]