“殷尚醴”:释甲骨文中的“糯”  

"People in Yin Dynasty Advocate Drinking Li Wine":An Interpretation of"Nuo(糯)"in Oracle-Bone Inscriptions

作　　者：苏成爱[1] SU Cheng-ai(Institute of History and Culture,Anhui University of Finance and Economics,Bengbu 233030)

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学历史文化研究所,安徽蚌埠233030

出　　处：《中国农史》2022年第1期31-44,共14页Agricultural History of China

摘　　要：甲骨文字“■”(N),用来表示当时某一常见粮食作物名称。长期以来,对该字的考释,一直没有定论。从新见考古资料和古文献的记载来看,商代先民的首要主粮是稻米,以醴酒为代表的用糯(稬)米酿造的酒已经成为殷人居于首要地位的酒;从后商时代作为“酒稻”的“糯”常与作为普通稻的“稻”并举的现象可推知,商代也应多有“稻”“糯”并举之例;多方面的证据表明,甲骨文中与N对贞的文字确实是“稻”;再结合文字的用例、音韵、字形以及酿酒器的器形、作物的农时等,便可得出结论,常与“稻”对贞的甲骨文字N是“糯”,这种作物是能够生产出在古代技术条件下适宜酿造醴酒等糯米酒的特殊稻米。The oracle-bone inscription■(N)was used to indicate the name of a common crop at that time.For a long time,there has been no final conclusion on the interpretation of the inscription.According to the new archaeological data and ancient documents,the primary staple food grain of the ancestors for the Shang Dynasty was rice,the wine brewed by fine(glutinous)rice represented by Li wine has become the most important wine of Shang people;From the phenomenon that"fine"as"wine rice"often coexisted with"rice"as ordinary rice in the post Shang Dynasty,it can be inferred that there should be many examples of"rice"and"fine"written simultaneously in the Shang Dynasty.Various evidences show that the inscription written simultaneously with N in the oracle-bone are indeed"rice".Combined with other cases,phonology and glyphs of the inscription,the shape of brewers and the farming time of crops,it is concluded that the oracle-bone inscription often aligned with"rice"are"fine",which can produce special rice suitable for brewing fine rice wine such as Li wine under ancient technical conditions.

关 键 词：殷尚醴 甲骨文 稻 糯(稬) 考辩 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]