近10年广州地区无偿献血者乙肝流行特征及危险因素分析  

Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus among voluntary blood donors,Guangzhou from 2011 to 2020

作　　者：谢君谋[1] 李仲平[1] 梁浩坚[1] 黄伯泉[1] 黄志健[1] 王淏[1] 郑优荣[1] XIE Junmou;LI Zhongping;LIANG Haojian;HUANG Boquan;HUANG Zhijian;WANG Hao;ZHENG Yourong(Guangzhou Blood Center,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Sciences(Blood Safety),Guangzhou 510095,China.)

机构地区：[1]广州血液中心广州市血液安全重点实验室,广东广州510095

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2022年第3期284-288,共5页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金(B2019076);广州市医学重点学科(2021-2023年)项目。

摘　　要：目的通过研究近10年广州地区无偿献血者人群中乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的流行病学特征,明确新生儿乙肝疫苗接种对人群感染HBV风险的影响。方法选取2011-2020年广州地区无偿献血者2624434名,其血液标本经过2遍乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定和1遍核酸检测(NAT),2遍HBsAg结果阳性者或1遍HBsAg阳性复检阳性且NAT阳性者视为HBV感染者。统计乙肝病毒感染献血者年龄、性别、民族、来自地区等信息,比较开展新生儿疫苗接种前后出生的献血者HBV感染率,分析近10年广州地区献血者HBV感染的变化趋势和危险因素。结果近10年本地区献血者HBV阳性率为0.75%(19714/2624434),呈总体下降趋势(P<0.05);1992年后出生献血者HBV阳性率为0.49%(4825/985362),低于1992年前出生献血者(P<0.05),男性献血者HBV阳性率为0.89%(15049/1695062),高于女性献血者(P<0.05);18-25岁献血者HBV阳性率为0.52%(6337/1219282),低于其他年龄段献血者(P<0.05),省内和省外献血者HBV阳性率无差异(P>0.05),二者高于港澳台国外献血者(P<0.05),汉族献血者HBV阳性率高于少数民族献血者(P<0.05);性别、年龄、民族和新生儿疫苗接种情况是献血者人群HBV易感的危险因素。结论广州市2011-2020年无偿献血者HBV感染率呈下降趋势,且在性别、年龄、来自地区、民族和出生在开展新生儿乙肝疫苗接种前后等方面存在差异,有益于根据献血者群体制定不同的招募策略,降低输血传播HBV的风险。Objective To assess the trend of hepatitis B virus(HBV)prevalence and associated risk factors among voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou area from 2011 to 2020,and to explore the impact of hepatitis B vaccination in neonates on the risk of HBV infection.Methods Blood samples of 2624434 voluntary blood donors from 2011 to 2020 in Guangzhou were tested by HBV surface antigen(HBsAg)enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)reagents twice and nucleic acid test(NAT)reagent once.Samples reactive to ELISA twice,or ELISA once+NAT were considered as HBV infection.The gender,age,ethnicity and region of HBV infected blood donors were collected,and the incidence of HBV infection in blood donors born before and after 1992(when HBV vaccination was conducted in neonates)was compared.The trend and risk factors of HBV infection in blood donors in Guangzhou from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed.Results An overall HBV prevalence of 0.75%was found in voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou area from 2010 to 2020,showing an overall downward trend(P<0.05).HBV prevalence was lower in blood donors born after 1992(0.49%,4825/985362)than prior to 1992(P<0.05).HBV prevalence in male blood donors(0.89%,15049/1695062)was significantly higher than that in female blood donors(P<0.05).HBV prevalence in blood donors aged 18-25(0.52%,6337/1219282)was lower than that in other age groups(P<0.05).HBV prevalence was similar in donors resident in Guangdong and other provinces(P>0.05),but both were significantly higher than that in Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan and foreign countries(P<0.05).HBV prevalence in Han nationality donors was significantly higher than the ethnic minority donors(P<0.05).Gender,age,ethnicity and birth vaccination are the main risk factors for HBV infection among blood donors.Conclusion The overall HBV prevalence among voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou area from 2011 to 2020 has shown a decreasing trend,and differences have been found in gender,age,region,ethnicity and birth vaccination,which is helpful to formulate targeted recruitment strategies

关 键 词：HBV 乙肝疫苗 无偿献血者 流行特征 危险因素 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学] R446[医药卫生—临床医学]