不同灌水深度条件下枣树根系空间分布及土壤水分研究  

Root Spatial Distribution and Soil Moisture of Jujube Under Different Irrigation Depth

作　　者：蒋敏 孙博瑞 周少梁 孙三民[1] JIANG Min;SUN Borui;ZHOU Shaoliang;SUN Sanmin(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Tarim University,Aral,Xinjiang 843300)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《北方园艺》2022年第6期77-83,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51869030);新疆生产建设兵团科技资助项目(2021CB021);塔里木大学-中国农业大学联合基金资助项目(TDZNLH201701)。

摘　　要：以南疆密植枣树为试材,设置不同导水管长,分析4种水平下枣树根系分布和土壤水分变化情况,研究不同灌水深度对南疆枣树根系空间分布及土壤水分的影响,以期为提高水分利用效率的适宜灌水模式提供参考依据。结果表明:在水平方向上,不同处理下根长密度随着水平距离的增加而减少。根系大部分分布在0~60 cm范围内,各处理的有效根长(d<2 mm)分别占总有效根长的81.1%、83.6%、81.4%、84.8%。在垂直方向上,相比于T0组,各处理出水口范围内有效根长分别增加了3.5%、4.2%、2.2%,说明增加灌水深度促进了有效根系的生长。水平方向和垂直方向的根长密度随着距离的增加而逐渐减小,对非线性参数的拟合研究表明,指数模型能很好的反映枣树根系的二维分布。适当的增加灌水深度,既可以保证上层土壤有足够的水分,又可以实现深层供水。建议成年枣树的导水装置埋深35 cm左右。Taking the densely planted jujube trees in Southern Xinjiang as test materials,the root distribution and soil water changes of jujube trees under four levels were studied by setting different water conduit lengths,the effects of different irrigation depths on the root spatial distribution and soil water of jujube trees in Southern Xinjiang were studied,in order to provide reference for irrigation moder of improving water use efficiency.The results showed that in the horizontal direction,the root length density decreased with the increase of horizontal distance under different treatments.Most of the roots were distributed in the range of 0-60 cm.Under each treatment,the effective root length this range(d<2 mm)accounted for 81.1%,83.6%,81.4% and 84.8% of the total effective root length respectively.In the vertical direction,compared with T0 group,the effective root length within the outlet range of each treatment increased by 3.5%,4.2% and 2.2% respectively.Indicating that increasing the irrigation depth promoted the growth of effective roots.The root length density in horizontal and vertical directions decreased with the increase of distance.The fitting study of nonlinear parameters showed that the exponential model could well reflect the two-dimensional distribution of jujube roots.Properly increasing the irrigation depth could not only ensure that the upper soil had enough water,but also realize deep water supply.This study suggests that the buried depth of the water guide device of adult jujube was about 35 cm.

关 键 词：灌水深度 根系空间分布 指数模型 深层供水 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]