有机无机肥配施对设施土壤耕层养分、番茄产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Organic and Inorganic Combined Application on Soil Nutrients,Tomato Yield and Quality

作　　者：秦程程 魏丹 金梁 李艳 丁建莉 韩宝 QIN Chengcheng;WEI Dan;JIN Liang;LI Yan;DING Jianli;HAN Bao(College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030;Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097;Planting Technology Extension Station of Fangshan District,Beijing 102400)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097 [3]房山区种植业技术推广站,北京102400

出　　处：《北方园艺》2022年第6期84-91,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFD1100304-3);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项资助项目(KJCX20200801,KJCX20190408);联合国开发计划署(UNDP)资助项目(cpr/19/401);中国科学院先导科技专项资助项目(XDA28010101)。

摘　　要：以“粉红太郎”番茄为试材,设置了有机肥(M)和化肥(NPK)分别单施及化肥减量配施有机肥(1/2NPK+1/2M)3个施肥处理,研究了不同处理对北京房山设施番茄产量、品质及耕层土壤养分的影响,以期为设施番茄科学的高产施肥模式提供参考依据。结果表明:1)1/2NPK+1/2M处理下番茄收获产量表现最佳,与NPK和M处理相比,产量分别提高2.80%和8.59%。2)与NPK处理相比,1/2NPK+1/2M处理相关番茄品质指标有不同程度改善,可溶性糖和维生素C含量分别显著增加了41.75%和61.06%;可滴定酸和硝酸盐含量分别显著降低27.08%和19.43%。3)1/2NPK+1/2M处理改善了耕层土壤理化性质,相比NPK处理,有机无机配施在化肥减量50%情况下显著提升了土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量,增幅分别为42.72%、7.87%、26.31%和10.54%。4)番茄产量与耕层土壤中的有效磷、碱解氮与品质指标可溶性固形物呈显著正相关;与可滴定酸呈极显著负相关。综上,化肥减量配施有机肥可显著改善土壤理化性质,同时一定程度保证番茄产量和品质,适用于设施番茄施用的施肥模式,有助于实现高产设施土壤培肥和京郊设施蔬菜的可持续发展。Taking tomato variety‘Pink taro’as the test material,different fertilization treatments included organic fertilizer(M),chemical fertilizer(NPK),and chemical fertilizer reduced by 50% combined with organic material(1/2 NPK+1/2 M)were set.The effects of different fertilization treatments on yield,quality and soil nutrients of greenhouse tomato in Beijing Fangshan experiment station,in order to provide reference for scientific high-yield fertilization mode of greenhouse tomato.The results showed that,1)the harvest yield of tomato was the highest under 1/2 NPK+1/2 M treatment,which increased by 2.80% and 8.59% compared with NPK and M treatment,respectively.2)Compared with NPK treatment,1/2 NPK+1/2 M treatment improved tomato quality indexes in different degrees.On the one hand,the contents of soluble sugar and vitamin C increased significantly by 41.75% and 61.06%,respectively.On the other hand,the contents of titratable acid and nitrate were significantly reduced by 27.08% and 19.43%,respectively.3)Compared with NPK treatment,physical and chemical properties of topsoil under 1/2 NPK+1/2 M treatment were improved by way of increasing the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolable nitrogen and available potassium by 42.72%,7.87%,26.31% and 10.54%,respectively,under the 50% reduction of chemical fertilizer.4)Correlation analysis showed that significant positive correlations were observed between tomato yield and indexes such as available phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in topsoil and soluble solid.Tomato yield was marginally correlated with titratable acid.In summary,50% reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure could significantly improve soil physical and chemical properties,and be a guarantee of tomato yield and quality to a certain extent,which was a recommended fertilization mode for greenhouse tomato application,and was conducive to the realization of high-yield greenhouse soil fertilization and to sustainable development of vegetables industries in Beijing su

关 键 词：番茄 产量 品质 土壤养分 有机无机配施 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]