高寒湿地冻融退化下微生物群落特征变化  

Changes of microbial community characteristics in freezing-thaw degradation of alpine wetland

作　　者：章妮 陈克龙[2,3] 王恒生 杨阳 ZHANG Ni;CHEN Kelong;WANG Hengsheng;YANG Yang(College of Life Science Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China;Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation,Ministry of Education,Qinghai Normal University,Qinghai Province,Xining 810008,China;Science and Technology Department,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China;School of Life Science,Hefei Normal University,Hefei 230061,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学生命科学学院,西宁810008 [2]青海省青海师范大学青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室,西宁810008 [3]青海师范大学科技处,西宁810008 [4]合肥师范学院生命科学学院,合肥230061

出　　处：《生态科学》2022年第2期20-28,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41661023);国家科技支撑计划项目(2017YFC0403601);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0405);青海省科技厅项目(2017-ZJ-782)。

摘　　要：全球变暖大背景下,大量冻土将面临进一步退化,而冻融过程遍布整个青藏高原,土壤微生物对环境变化更有着高度的敏感性。以青海湖河源湿地湿地冻融退化下的土壤微生物为研究对象,基于16s rRNA及18s rDNA测序探究冻融退化对土壤微生物群落结构及多样性的影响。结果显示:青海湖高寒湿地有效序列注释得到1583个细菌操作分类单元以及80个真菌操作分类单元。冻融退化并未改变土壤微生物的优势菌群:细菌群落中的优势菌群均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)及酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria),已知的真菌菌群中相对丰度最高的均为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)。冻融退化使0—10 cm、10—20 cm的细菌群落结构趋于相似,真菌群落中德福里斯孢属(Devriesia)、担孢酵母属(Erythrobasidium)的相对丰度显著减少。冻融退化显著影响土壤微生物的α多样性,降低了细菌群落的ACE指数、Chao1指数、Simpson指数以及真菌群落的ACE指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数,细菌群落的Shannon指数及真菌群落的Simpson指数有所增加。本研究表明,冻融退化对土壤微生物的群落结构、多样性均有影响,为冻土退化下生态系统作用机制的探究提供参考。Under the background of global warming,a large amount of permafrost will be further degraded,and the freezing-thawing process spreads throughout the Qinghai-Tibet plateau,and soil microorganisms are highly sensitive to environmental changes.So in this paper,soil microorganisms under freezing-thawing degradation in the wetland at the source of a river of Qinghai lake were taken as the research object.The effects of freezing-thawing degradation on the structure and diversity of soil microbial community were explored based on 16s rRNA and 18s rDNA sequencing.The results showed that 1583 bacterial and 80 fungal operational taxa were obtained from the effective sequence annotation of Qinghai lake alpine wetland.Freezing-thawing degradation did not change the dominant flora of soil microorganisms:the dominant flora in the bacterial community were all Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria,and Ascomycota had the highest relative abundance among the known fungal flora.Freezing-thawing degradation resulted in the similarity of the structure of the bacterial community of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm,and the relative abundance of the fungal community of Devriesia and Erythrobasidium was significantly reduced.Moreover,freezing-thawing degradation significantly affected the turbidities of soil microorganisms,and reduced the ACE index,Chao1 index and Simpson index of bacterial community,as well as the ACE index,Chao1 index and Shannon index of fungal community,while the Shannon index of bacterial community and Simpson index of fungal community were increased.This study shows that freezing-thawing degradation has an impact on the community structure and diversity of soil microorganisms,providing a reference for the study of the mechanism of ecosystem action under the degradation of frozen soil.

关 键 词：湿地 冻融退化 土壤微生物 高通量测序 

分 类 号：Q938.11[生物学—微生物学]