香根草秸秆覆盖和化肥减施对红壤花生产量的影响  

Effects of vetiver straw mulching and chemical fertilizer reduction on peanut yield in red soil

作　　者：柳开楼[1] 胡惠文[1] 余喜初[1] 胡志华[1] 叶会财[1] 胡丹丹 宋惠洁 李大明[1] 黄庆海[1] LIU Kailou;HU Huiwen;YU Xichu;HU Zhihua;YE Huicai;HU Dandan;SONG Huijie;LI Daming(HUANG Qinghai Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil,National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement,Nanchang 330046,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省红壤研究所,国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,南昌330046

出　　处：《生态科学》2022年第2期220-226,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：江西省自然科学基金(20192BAB203022);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200101)。

摘　　要：覆盖还田是处理香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides L.)秸秆的有效途径之一,但是,关于香根草秸秆覆盖还田下红壤花生的化肥减施比例还缺乏研究。通过2018—2019年的田间试验,分析了无香根草秸秆覆盖和农民习惯施肥(CK)、香根草秸秆覆盖下化肥减施0%(T1)、10%(T2)、20%(T3)和50%(T4)处理下花生产量和土壤有机碳的变化规律,探讨了土壤有机碳与花生产量的量化关系,并进一步研究了外源投入碳氮比与花生产量及土壤有机碳的相关关系。结果表明:与CK相比,T1处理下花生产量在2018和2019年分别增加了15.41%和25.87%;T2和T3处理的花生产量与CK处理无显著差异,且香根草连续两年覆盖下,T4处理的花生产量也与CK处理相比无显著降低。与CK处理相比,香根草秸秆覆盖还田和化肥减施处理下土壤有机碳含量增加了4.27%—12.84%。同时,在香根草秸秆覆盖下,随着化肥减施比例的提高,土壤有机碳含量呈逐渐降低趋势。结合拟合方程的斜率发现,当土壤有机碳含量增加1 g·kg^(-1),2018和2019年花生产量增加934.62和903.31 kg·hm^(-2)。提高外源投入的碳氮比显著降低花生产量和土壤有机碳含量,且双直线方程表明,外源投入碳氮比大于4.28时,花生产量和土壤有机碳的降幅明显高于外源投入碳氮比小于4.28。因此,在红壤的花生种植中,连续进行两年的香根草秸秆覆盖还田可以提高花生产量,且在化肥减施10%-50%条件下,花生产量与农民习惯处理无显著降低。然而,在增加外源有机碳的同时,也要综合考虑外源投入的碳氮比,以期保障花生高产和土壤有机碳提升。It was known that vetiver(Vetiveria zizanioides L.)straw mulching into field could be one of the effective ways to deal with vetiver straw.However,there is still unclear on the proportion of chemical fertilizer reduction of peanut planting in red soil under the condition of vetiver straw mulching and the famer amount of chemical fertilizer.In this study,the field experiment was conducted in 2018-2019,which included none vetiver straw mulching(CK),the proportion of chemical fertilizer reduction in vetiver straw mulching of 0%,10%,20%and 50%(T1,T2,T3 and T4).Then,the peanut yield and soil organic carbon content were analyzed.Meanwhile,the quantitative relationship was discussed between soil organic carbon and peanut yield.Furthermore,the correlation between the input ratio of carbon and nitrogen with peanut yield and soil organic carbon was also explored.The results showed that compared with CK,the peanut yield of T1 treatment was increased by 15.41%and 25.87%in 2018 and 2019,respectively.There was no significant difference in peanut yield among T2,T1 and CK treatments.Meanwhile,the grain yield in T4 was not significantly decreased than T1 treatment.The soil organic carbon contents in vetiver straw mulching and chemical fertilizer reduction treatments were increased by 4.27%-12.84%,compared with CK treatment.At the same time,the soil organic carbon content was gradually decreased along with the proportion of fertilizers reduction increasing.The fitting equation indicated that the peanut yield was increased by 934.62 and 903.31 kg·hm^(-2) in 2018 and 2019.While the soil organic carbon content was increased by 1 g·kg^(-1);in addition,the peanut yield and soil organic carbon content were significantly decreased along with the increasing of the input ratio of carbon and nitrogen.The double-line equation showed that the peanut yield and soil organic carbon was significantly decreased in the condition of the input ratio of carbon and nitrogen was greater than 4.28,which was higher than that of the input ratio of carbon

关 键 词：香根草秸秆 红壤 土壤有机碳 化肥减施 投入碳氮比 

分 类 号：S145.6[农业科学—肥料学]