“卑之无甚高论”的误解误用--兼论辞书存在的问题  

WANG Weihui and LI Xuemin,On the inaccurate interpretation and misuse of beizhi wushengaolun卑之无甚高论

作　　者：汪维辉[1] 李雪敏 WANG Weihui;LI Xuemin

机构地区：[1]浙江大学汉语史研究中心/中文系,杭州

出　　处：《中国语文》2022年第2期227-233,256,共8页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“东汉至唐朝出土文献汉语用字研究”(21&ZD295);教育部重点研究基地重大项目“汉语基本词汇历时演变研究”(16JJD740015)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“卑之无甚高论”是一句常用的成语,源出《史记·张释之列传》(《汉书》照抄),“无”作“毋”,原意是“放低你的论调,不要过于高谈阔论”。宋人把它误读作一句,用来表示“见解一般,没有什么高明之处”。此后这个误解误用义一直沿用,直至今天。误解的关键在于“甚”是个同形字,宋人把“甚_(1)”(音shèn,义为“很;太;过于”)误读成了“甚_(2)”(音shén,义为“何,什么”),结果导致这句话里的每个字都被重新解读了。误解误用之所以发生在宋代,主要原因是“甚_(2)”在宋代的普遍行用,同时也跟宋人喜读《汉书》的时代风气有关。此类例子在汉语史上并不鲜见,辞书释义宜细加斟酌。The sentence beizhi wushengaolun卑之无甚高论which first appeared in The Biography of Zhang Shizhi in Shji(and was copied word by word in Hanshu)literally means“lower your tone,do not talk incessantly".However,this sentence was misunderstood as“mundane opinions without any brilliant ideas"in literature of the Song Dynasty,and is still wrongly regarded as a proper interpretation today.This paper suggests that the major cause of such misunderstanding lies in the interpretation of the homograph shen甚,which should be shen(shen,“"very,too much")instead of the shen2(shen,“what")as taken in Song literature.Another reason of why such a misuse occurred in the Song Dynasty might be accounted for by people's preference in reading the Hanshu during that time.Inaccurate interpretation and misuse as such is not rare in history thus should be taken with caution in the compilation of dictionaries.

关 键 词：“卑之无甚高论” “甚” 《汉书》 误解误用 宋代 辞书 

分 类 号：H136.3[语言文字—汉语]