锡伯语的区别宾语标记--兼论定指性与生命度作为隐性范畴在中国境内语言中的分布  

Differential object marking in Sibe: The distribution of animacy and definiteness as covert categories in languages of China

作　　者：鲁方昕 LU Fangxin

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,北京

出　　处：《中国语文》2022年第2期237-253,256,共18页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：教育部人文社科基地重大项目“语言变异和接触机制研究”(19JJD740001);北京市社科基金重大项目“多语接触与中介语演化机制”(20ZDA20)资助。

摘　　要：本文主要讨论锡伯语的宾语标记策略以及中国境内语言的区别宾语/施事标记。在锡伯语中,定指性高的宾语(包括特指的宾语)不能省略标记,而定指性低的宾语,如果其生命度高于主语,则一般也需要宾语标记。文章分析锡伯语母语者如何识解宾语的定指性,尤其当宾语成分是光杆名词时。文章还从区域类型学的视角探讨中国境内语言在论元标记策略上的差异,发现南方诸语言更注重生命度,而北方诸语言更注重定指性。The article mainly focuses on the object marking strategies in Sibe as well as the differential object/agent marking(DOM/DAM) in languages of China. In Sibe, an object should obligatorily be marked of case if it is definite/specific, or if it is more “animate” than the subject. The article then investigates how native speakers identify the definiteness of an object, especially when the object is a bare NP. Furthermore, this article also discusses the differences in argument marking strategy among languages of China from the perspective of areal typology. The analyses indicate that animacy plays an important role in languages of southern China, whereas definiteness is more prominent in languages of northern China.

关 键 词：区别宾语标记 生命度 定指性 区域类型学 隐性范畴 

分 类 号：H243[语言文字—少数民族语言]